The enterotoxigenic profiles of 51 B. cereus food-related strains were compared to those of 37 B. cereus food-poisoning strains. cytK and association of hbl-nhe-cytK enterotoxin genes were more frequent among diarrheal strains (73 and 63%) than among food-borne strains (37 and 33%). Unlike diarrheal strains, food-borne strains showed frequent nhe and hbl gene polymorphisms and were often low to...

The complex etiology of neonatal diarrhea in calves is revie­ wed. Viral invasion, replication sites and repair mechanisms are discus­ sed. Furthermore, the influence of multiple infections on diarrhea with respect to the predisposition after viral infection to colonization with bacteria-like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is examined. After a short introduction into the immunity of intestina...

A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of human diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was developed. The targets selected for each category were eae for enteropathogenic E. coli, stx for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, elt and est for enterotoxigenic E. coli, ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli, and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli. This assay allowed the categorization of a diarrheagenic E. coli s...

Recent advances in understanding the genetics of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens, including whole genome sequencing of a chromosomal cpe strain and sequencing of several cpe-carrying large plasmids, have led to the development of molecular approaches to more precisely investigate isolates involved in human gastrointestinal diseases and isolates present in the environment. Sequence-based...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was compared with cell culture assay performed with use of HT29/C1 (human colonic epithelial) cells for identifying strains of enterotoxin-producing Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) isolated from extraintestinal specimens. A total of 188 unselected strains obtained over 2 years at a central clinical laboratory in Tokyo were tested. Overall, 35 strains (18.6%) we...

Single and double gel-diffusion techniques were employed to examine serologically coagulase-positive staphylococci from cheese for enterotoxigenicity. Supernatant fluid from sac cultures was examined for enterotoxins A and B. The results indicated that 9 of 155 cultures from market cheese and 7 of 77 cultures from food-poisoning cheese produced enterotoxin A, and that none of the cultures produ...