BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. Little is...

www.aafp.org/afp AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 2095 are not typically amenable to topical therapy, they will not be discussed in this article. It is important to note that nondermatophytes and yeasts may infect the sites mentioned above. For example, tinea unguium is only a subset of the onychomycoses, which include other types of fungal infections of the nails. Similarly, tinea corporis refers onl...

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal bleeding with complicated factors is always difficult to find the primary origin. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present a case of a 74-year-old male farmer suffered from acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gastric ulcer and Mallory-Weiss syndrome and chronic anemia which was at last found caused by hook worm infection. CONCLUSION It tells us that co...

The advent of intensive care medicine dates back some 40 years. The rising number of immunoincompetent patients who had to undergo intensive care treatment highlighted the need to focus on the serious problem of nosocomial infections. At that time not only did the majority of intensive care physicians have a lack of knowledge of the fundamentals of infectiology, but also there was also no behav...

Retroelements are usually considered to be eukaryotic elements because of the large number and variety in eukaryotic genomes. By comparison, reverse transcriptases (RTs) are rare in bacteria, with only three characterized classes: retrons, group II introns and diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs). Here, we present the results of a bioinformatic survey that aims to define the landscape of R...

epithelium, we believed this organism to be a Cyclospora sp. rather than a Cystoisospora sp. We searched the serum bank of the Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and identified a serum sample from a person with a case of C. cayetanensis cyclosporiasis. An indirect immunofluorescence test was performed by using this serum on a deparaffinized section of th...

Severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a rare and life-threatening illness. Although the criteria for diagnosis include chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms lasting more than 6 months and high titers of anti-EBV antibodies, clinical and laboratory findings may be heterogeneous and flexible application of those criteria is necessary in cases showing ty...

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a common, highly efficacious broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug used to treat and limit rodent pinworm infections. However, the effect of its prophylactic use on the immune response of rodents is largely undefined. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a model commonly used to study type 1 diabetes (T1D). Parasitic infections will inhibit diabetes development in NOD mice; th...

An amplified immunoperoxidase (AIP) assay using an avidin:biotin complex was developed to detect bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antigen expression in lymphocytes which had been cultured 24 h and fixed with acetone. Nonspecific reactions were eliminated by absorbing the test serum with 100% horse or cow serum. DNA synthesis inhibition did not decrease the number of AIP-positive cells, and there wer...

BACKGROUND Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is highly endemic in many countries, including Argentina. As prevention of the spread from infected animals is of primary importance in breaking the cycle of BLV transmission, it is important to know the pathophysiology of BLV infection in young animals, as they are the main source of animal movement. In this work, we determined the proviral load and antib...