Soil erosion in vineyards has to be considered as an environmental concern as it depletes soil fertility and produces damages in the fields and downstream. High soil and water losses decrease soil quality, and subsequently, can reduce the quality of the grapes and wine. However, in specialized journals of viticulture and enology, soil erosion studies are not present. This paper surveys the soil...

The enology industry in North Dakota is extremely young, with less than twenty years of existence. At times throughout the development viticulture and industries, commercial wine producers have elected to purchase or store fresh harvested grapes as frozen musts. To investigate fermentation outcomes related skin contact for red grapevine musts, a postfreeze experiment was conducted fruit from ‘F...

Quantum addition circuits are considered being of two types: (1) Toffoli-adder which use only classical reversible gates (controlled-not and Toffoli), (2) QFT-adder based on the quantum Fourier transformation. We present a systematic translation QFT circuit into Toffoli-based adder. This result shows that has fundamentally same fault-tolerance cost (e.g., T count) as most cost-efficient Toffoli...

We propose a unified approach to addition of some physical quantities (among which resistors and capacitors are the most well-known) that are usually encountered in introductory physics such that the formulæ required to solve problems are always simply additive. This approach has the advantage of being consistent with the intuition of students. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, ...

It is shown that there exists an absolute constant H such that for every h > H, every prime p, and every set A ⊆ Zp such that 10 ≤ |A| ≤ p(lnh)/(9h) and |hA| ≤ h3/2|A|/(8(lnh)1/2), the set A is contained in an arithmetic progression modulo p of cardinality max1≤j≤h−1 |hA|−Pj(|A|) h−j + 1, where Pj(n) = (j+1)j 2 n − j + 1. This result can be viewed as a generalization of Freiman’s “2.4-theorem”.

This paper describes a fully static Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) implementation of a Ling type adder. The implementation described herein saves up to one gate delay and always reduces the number of serial transistors in the worst-case (critical) path over the conventional carry look-ahead (CLA) approach with a negligible increase in hardware.