In biological systems, the processing and use of information has evolved out of the need for survival in the face of an uncertain environment. As a consequence, the information-function relationship in these systems is shaped by their adaptability characteristics. In contrast, the information-function relationship in man-designed, goal-oriented organizational systems depends on the ability of t...

Within large sequence repositories such as GenBank there is a wealth of metadata providing contextual information that may enhance search and retrieval of relevant sequences for a range of subsequent analyses. One challenge is the use of free-text in these metadata fields where approaches are needed to extract, structure, and encode essential information. The goal of the present study was to ex...

The rapid growth of biological databases not only provides biologists with abundant data but also presents a big challenge in relation to the analysis of data. Many data analysis approaches such as data mining, information retrieval and machine learning have been used to extract frequent patterns from diverse biological databases. However, the discrepancies, due to the differences in the struct...