For the multilingual author, switching between two or more languages is not an arbitrary act, nor is it simply an attempt to mimic the speech of his or her community; code-switching results from a conscious decision to create a desired effect and to promote the validity of the author’s heritage language. This article looks at code-switching in literary texts between Spanish and English, English...

This article tackles the problem of transcribing English words using Thai phonological system. The problem exists in Thai, where modern writing often composes of English orthography, and transcribing using English phonology results unnatural. The proposed model is totally data-driven, starting by automatic grapheme-phoneme alignment, modeling transduction rules and predicting Thai syllabictones...

This article reports on a perception study that was carried out with Zulu-English bilinguals in order to investigate how suprasegmental aspects differ in Black South African English compared to White English-speaking South African English. Two prosodic phenomena were investigated: prosodic focus marking on noun phrases (NPs) and prosodic boundary marking. The results support existing claims in ...

this sentence is what a prominent english judge has said about the power of judges in dealing with cases in english law. an example of this power can be found in contractual terms for damages called penalties and liquidated damages. as it is expected, contracts are basically made to be performed and not to be avoided according to the whims of market fluctuation. however, the adherence to freedo...

The aim of this article was to evaluate the English-learning of engineering students by using the Grey Student-Problem chart (GSP chart). The research was conducted with 37 freshman engineering students in a private university in central Taiwan using Facebook wall posts to make English sentences, and the GSP chart to evaluate the engineering students’ English performance. The two vocabulary tes...

Samuel Knafo is a lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex. He completed a thesis at York University (Toronto) on the rise of modern monetary policy and the gold standard. Abstract: This article discusses the origins of the speculative configuration that has come to characterize English banking. It criticizes Gerschenkron's view that early 19th century English banking dev...

This article concerns the general functional features of an adjective in modern English, and in particular multistate lexical item “just”, which carries different meanings in different variants of combinatorics. The authors analyze the combinations used with the adjectival lexeme item “just” and reveal the categories that determine the degree of semantic content of each given statement. The nee...