abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

Introduction: The main purpose of this research study was to investigate the effect of learning styles on academic self-efficacy of postgraduate students and clinical assistants in Mazandaran University of medical science. Methods: In this descriptive-survey study, the statistical population included 570 postgraduate students and clinical assistants in Mazandaran University of medical science i...

the present study was an attempt to compare the effect of peer metalinguistic corrective feedback on elementary and intermediate efl learners speaking ability to see which level benefits more from this type of feedback. to this end, 117 female efl learners at grade 3, al-zahra high school in kermanshah, iran were non-randomly chosen. the homogeneity of the participants was attained through a pi...

the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

Background and Objectives: Self-medication as one of the major health-social issues can cause many problems for the individual and society. Considering the increasing prevalence of drug abuse in the community, especially among young people, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of self- medication in medical students studying at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. ...

Introduction: Medical students are exposed to many different stressors that endanger their health. Objective: Since increasing self-esteem is one of the effective factors in coping with stress. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem and academic stress of students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2021. Materials and Methods: This descrip...

in civil engineering concrete is a material combined of hydraulic cement, sand, gravel and water. gravel and sand compose 60 to 70 percent of concrete. these aggregates support compression force of concrete. cement paste acts as glue to stick grain together. in bushehr factories producing aggregates do not operate according to astm standards, so that fineness modulus (fm) of the produced sands ...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

Background and Objective: Considering the importance of the issue of self-medication consumption of drug, especially among the students with high level of education, the aim of this study was to compare knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication between medical and non-medical students in Arak in 2013. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study that was c...