Elementary particle aspects using beams from accelerators and cosmic rays are compared. An important feature in high energy physics is particle identification in the final state. This technique is used to describe global features of ee-annihilations such as multiplicities and multiplicity distributions of charged hadrons and the relative fractions of pions, kaons and protons. Also the character...

A demonstration that the observed neutrinos are not Majorana particles Abstract It is shown that Majorana neutrinos cannot couple vectorially to the neutral-current SU(2) L x U(1) gauge field of the standard model. The absence of physics beyond the standard model (in particular Higgs-field configurations which lead to Majorana mass terms) is not assumed for this argument. Since the existence of...

The four LEP experiments (ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL) collected around 2.5 fb data in total at energies √ s ≥ 189 GeV of which 536 pb was registered at √ s = 206−209 GeV in 2000. The data are used to search for Higgs bosons in a variety of models. In the Standard Model (SM) the electroweak (EW) symmetry is broken via the Higgs mechanism generating the masses of elementary particles. This implie...

The interaction cross-section is one of the fundamental properties of any elementary particle. For decades, only accelerator measurements of the particle cross-sections were available. Crosssection measurements at higher and higher energy become possible as more and more powerful accelerators are introduced. However, cosmic rays not only provide a constant flux of ultra highenergy particles, bu...

The effect of angular momentum conservation in microcanonical thermodynamics is considered. This is relevant in gravitating systems, where angular momentum is conserved and the collapsing nature of the forces makes the microcanonical ensemble the proper statistical description of the physical processes. The microcanonical distribution function with non-vanishing angular momentum is obtained as ...

Magnetars can accelerate cosmic rays to high energies through the unipolar effect, and are also copious soft photon emitters. We show that young, fast-rotating magnetars whose spin and magnetic moment point in opposite directions emit high energy neutrinos from their polar caps through photomeson interactions. We identify a neutrino cut-off band in the magnetar period-magnetic field strength ph...

The current status of origin of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) is reviewed, with emphasis given to elementary particle solutions to UHECR problem, namely to Topological Defects and Super-Heavy Dark Matter (SHDM) particles. The relic superheavy particles are very efficiently produced at inflation. Being protected by gauge discrete symmetries, they can be long lived. They are clustering in...

Motivated by the Bohr atomic model, in this article we establish a mathematical theory to study energy levels, corresponding to bounds states, for subatomic particles. We show that the energy levels of each subatomic particle are finite and discrete, and corresponds to negative eigenvalues of the related eigenvalue problem. Consequently there are both upper and lower bounds of the energy levels...

Since our understanding of both general relativity and the standard model of elementary particles either with or without supersymmetry is based on singular La-grangians, whose associated Hamiltonian formalism requires Dirac-Bergmann theory of constraints[1], it is very difficult to identify which are the physical degrees of freedom to be used in the description and interpretation of the fundame...