Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal and some these are associated tolerance. The lack synthetic analyses plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems the scant consideration for taxonomy led this review aiming ...

Not much is known about the mechanism of endophyte-mediated induction of secondary metabolite production in Catharanthus roseus. In the present study two fungal endophytes, Curvularia sp. CATDLF5 and Choanephora infundibulifera CATDLF6 were isolated from the leaves of the plant that were found to enhance vindoline content by 229-403%. The isolated endophytes did not affect the primary metabolis...

Five tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)] pastures [wild-type 'Kentucky-31' with 78.0% of plants infected with ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (KY31 E+), 'Jesup' AR542 endophyte-infected contaminated with 30.3% tall fescue containing ergot alkaloid producing-endophyte (Jesup AR542 E+); 'GA-186' AR584 endophyte-infected contaminated with 11.8% tall fescue cont...

Antioxidants are molecules that scavenge or neutralize free radicals. Free radicals are generated in human body during normal physiological processes and have implications on various human diseases. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are gaining tremendous impetus as potential source of antioxidant compounds. In this studyPlackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the media components affe...

Loline alkaloids are saturated pyrrolizidines with a substituted 1-amino group and an oxygen bridge between C2 and C7, and are insecticidal metabolites of plant-symbiotic fungi (endophytes). Cultures of the endophyte, Neotyphodium uncinatum, incorporated labeled L-proline and L-homoserine into the 1-aminopyrrolizidine, N-formylloline. The A-ring carbons C1-C3 and the N1 were derived from L-homo...

A large portion of natural products research revolves around the discovery of new, bioactive chemical entities; however, studies to probe the biological purpose of such secondary metabolites for the host organism are often limited. Mass spectrometry mapping of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in situ can be used to probe a series of ecological questions about fungi that may be lost through tra...

A staggering diversity of endophytic fungi associate with healthy plants in nature, but it is usually unclear whether these represent stochastic encounters or provide host fitness benefits. Although most characterized species of the fungal genus Colletotrichum are destructive pathogens, we show here that C. tofieldiae (Ct) is an endemic endophyte in natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations in c...

Fungal endophytes were isolated from 4 species of the carnivorous pitcher plant genus Sarracenia: S. minor, S. oreophila, S. purpurea, and S. psittacina. Twelve taxa of fungi, 8 within the Ascomycota and 4 within the Basidiomycota, were identified based on PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) with taxonomic identity as...

Rhizobium sp. strain IRBG74 is the first known nitrogen-fixing symbiont in the Agrobacterium/Rhizobium clade that nodulates the aquatic legume Sesbania sp. and is also a growth-promoting endophyte of wetland rice. Here, we present the sequence of the IRBG74 genome, which is composed of a circular chromosome, a linear chromosome, and a symbiotic plasmid, pIRBG74a.

During infection, both phytopathogenic and endophytic fungi form intimate contact with living plant cells, and need to resist or disable host defences and modify host metabolism to adapt to their host. Fungi can achieve these changes by secreting proteins and enzymes. A comprehensive comparison of the secretomes of both endophytic and pathogenic fungi can improve our understanding of the intera...