Aspiring to simple theories has been at the centre of the scientific quest to understand nature. In medicine, this aspiration found its best exemplars in diseases entirely attributable to specific causal factors, such as infectious diseases (micro organisms invading a body and being transmitted within populations) or Mendelian hereditary diseases (highly penetrant mutations transmitted within f...

Background The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is the predominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), with three alleles contributing to and strongly associated many AD endophenotypes: ε2 (reduced risk), ε3 (reference), ε4 (increased risk). Researchers often include APOE carrier status (ε4+/-) in analyses account effect; however, this does not adequately protective effects o...

A B S T R A C T “Addiction” is a multifaceted complicated disorder with many interrelated causes, as well as environmental and genetic features. Several hereditary variables that have an effect on these features might work in together to influence vulnerability and the extent of being an addict. Molecular re-sequencing of the latest and formerly researched genes holds a crucial place with regar...