PTEN tumor suppressor inactivation is the earliest step in endometrial carcinogenesis, occurring in morphologically unremarkable endometrial glands in half of normal women. We test the hypothesis that sex hormones positively or negatively select for these "latent precancers" by examining their emergence, persistence, and regression rates under differing hormonal conditions. Perimenopausal and p...

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in well-developed countries. Biologically and clinicopathologically, endometrial carcinomas are divided into two types: type 1 or estrogendependent carcinomas and type 2 or estrogen-independent carcinomas. Type 1 cancers correspond mainly to endometrioid carcinomas and account for approximately 90 % of endometrial cancers, whereas t...

Latent endometrial carcinoma precancers are normal-appearing endometrial glands with sporadic loss of tumor suppressor gene function such as PTEN. Progression to carcinoma is inefficient and requires additional genetic damage that creates a histologic precursor lesion called endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). In this study, we examined loss of PAX2 expression, a gene required for embr...

Objective: To determine the hysteroscopic appearance of endometrial hyperplasia in women with subsequently confirmed diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia. Methodology: This study was done in Aria Hospital in Ahwaz,Iran fromJanuary 21, 2003 to May 24th 2005. Fifty women underwent hysteroscopy with eye direct biopsy of the endometrium. Cause of hysteroscopy was Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in ...

background: the term dysfunctional uterine bleeding(dub) refers to any abnormal bleeding from the uterus, unassociated with tumour, inflammation and pregnancy. the histological diagnosis of dub is very essential for adequate management especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females. the present study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating dub in various age groups, carry out histopa...

background: unexplained infertility is still a challenging issue as to its causes, appropriate management and treatment. evidence implicates early embryopathy or implantation failure as likely causes. objective: this study aims to investigate the effect of local endometrial injury on pregnancy rate in selected unexplained infertile patients. materials and methods: this was a randomized clinical...

OBJECTIVE To review the evidence relating to the epidemiology of endometrial cancer and its diagnostic workups. OPTIONS Women with possible endometrial cancer can undergo an endometrial evaluation by office biopsy, hysteroscopy, or dilatation and curettage. To assist in treatment planning, pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be considered. OUTCOMES The identification of optimal diagnosti...

INTRODUCTION Invasive procedures including loop electrosurgical excision, cervical conization, and endometrial sampling are often recommended when atypical glandular cells (AGC) are detected on Pap smear with unsatisfactory colposcopy. These invasive procedures may result in patient anxiety, increased medical expense, and increasing the risk of preterm delivery in subsequent pregnancies. This s...