The superfamily Papilionoidea day butterfly, which is endemic to the Cenderawasih Bay islands (Numfor, Supiori, Biak and Yapen), consists of 6 family species: Papilionidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae Nymphalidae families. This study aims analyze grouping butterflies Cendrawasih based on wings colours in 4 Clusters, namely Numfor, Yapen Islands, by applying function K-Means Cl...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis constitutes a major public health problem in many parts of the world including iran. the primary objective of this study was to identify leishmania spe­cies in endemic districts of kerman province, south-eastern iran . methods: this study was conducted by random sampling as cross- sectional descriptive between 2008 and 2010. overall, 203 skin scraping smears ...

kol river drains into the persian gulf and its watershed encompasses  areas  in  hormozgan, kerman and fars provinces. identification of fish species of the river was conducted seasonally from summer to winter 2005. we selected 8 sampling stations based on the height of  sea  level  from branches of kol river near estuary. totally, 160 specimens were caught with gillnet, cast net and hook. we i...

This study maps distribution and spatial congruence between Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) and species richness of IUCN listed conservation-dependent and endemic avian fauna in Palawan, Philippines. Grey Level Co-Occurrence Texture Matrices (GLCMs) extracted from Landsat and ALOS-PALSAR were used in conjunction with local field data to model and map local-scale field AGB using the Random Forest alg...

BACKGROUND Rare or narrowly endemic organisms are difficult to monitor and conserve when their total distribution and habitat preferences are incompletely known. One method employed in determining distributions of these organisms is species distribution modeling (SDM). METHODS Using two species of narrowly endemic burrowing crayfish species as our study organisms, we sought to ground validate...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The recently recognized endemic focus of leishmaniasis in Satluj river valley in Himachal Pradesh (India) lies in north-western Himalayas (30 degrees N, 70 degrees E). This endemic focus of leishmaniasis appears peculiar where localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) co-exists with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and Leishmania donovani is predominant pathogen for LCL wherea...

We studied an Andean endemic group of species of the lichen-forming fungal genus Umbilicaria from the subalpine and low-alpine zone, with their biogeographic center in Bolivia and Peru. A number of species and varieties have been described from this element, but apparent instability in several morphological traits has made it difficult to precisely delimit taxa. Based on DNA sequences of nuclea...

During the preparation of the Vascular Flora of the Marquesas Islands a new endemic species of Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) has come to light and is described herein: Heliotropiumperlmanii Lorence & W. L. Wagner. It is known only from the island of Eiao and appears most closely related to Heliotropiummarchionicum Decne., also endemic to the Marquesas and known from Nuku Hiva. An amended descr...

malaria had being widely prevalent for a long time in iran. before starting any anti-malarial campaign in iran about 60% of population was living in malaria endemic areas. in hyper-endemic areas, approximately 30 to 40% of the total mortality was due to malaria. the malariometric data, reported during 1921-1949 in the malaria surveys in some endemic areas, showed high endemicities of the diseas...