One of the most important infectious diseases in the world is Malaria. About half of the world populations are exposed to the risk of the disease. The program for controlling and eradication of Malaria has been being conducted in our country since many years ago. One of the public health problems in the endemic and non-endemic countries is Imported Malaria which can ...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Northwest and southern Iran. Reports of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Northwest areas are rare, and its etiological agents are unknown. In the current study, we report six CL and two post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases caused by Leishmania infantum from endemic areas of VL in the Northwest. Smears were made from skin lesions of 30 suspect...

BACKGROUND Although the Centres for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends empiric treatment for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis (prevalent but treatable parasitic infections) in some refugee groups it is unclear if these guidelines should be extended to non-refugee immigrants from endemic areas. We aimed to assess seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, positive schistosomiasis ...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute, tick-borne viral disease, affecting only humans and newborn mice, with hemorrhagic manifestations and considerable mortality in humans. CCHF virus circulates in nature in an enzootic tick-vertebrate-tick cycle; migrating birds and livestock transferred from endemic to non-endemic areas may carry large numbers of infected ticks thus spreading t...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral neurological zoonotic disease transmitted to humans by ticks or by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from infected cows, goats, or sheep. TBE is highly endemic in areas of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia where it is a major public health concern. However, it is difficult to diagnose TBE as clinical manifestations tend to be relatively non...

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is hyperendemic in the rural areas, north and east of the city of Isfahan in the central region of Iran. Attempts to control the disease by different methods have all failed. A field trial showed that the effectiveness of leishmanization was successful in a limited part of this area. In February 1982 and 1983, more than 80,000 persons were inoculated. Our e...

INTRODUCTION The saliva of mosquitoes has an important role in the transmission of several diseases, including malaria, and contains substances with vasomodulating and immunomodulating effects to counteract the host physiological mechanisms and enhance pathogen transmission. As immunomodulatory components, salivary gland proteins can induce the generation of specific IgG antibodies in the host,...

in A. albopictus–endemic areas of the country. The reported number of serologically proven cases probably underestimates the true extent of the diseases in Israeli travelers because underdiagnosis and underreporting are common. Both dengue and chikungunya virus infection result in viremia that may last up to 5 days, and viremic patients living in A. albopictus–endemic areas put the area populat...

The fight against malaria is currently ongoing in many countries where the disease is still endemic. The overall target is to eliminate malaria in all nations, regardless of their malaria burden, by 2030. Currently, the disease has been eliminated mainly in low-burden and unstable malaria areas globally. However, in high-burden countries, particularly in Africa, the disease is still not elimina...

In certain endemic areas significant correlation exists between bladder cancer and Schistosoma haematobium infestation in rural males. The clinical presentation of bladder cancer asso ciated with chronic vesical schistosomiasis further supports the belief that neoplasia is a sequel to chronic inflammation with metaplasia. Ferguson (6), Makar (7), Aboul Xasr et al. (1), and Al-Waidh (2) have rep...