We report a metal-free strategy for the chain-end modification of RAFT polymers utilizing visible light. By turning the light source on or off, the reaction pathway in one pot can be switched between either complete desulfurization (hydrogen chain-end) or simple cleavage (thiol chain-end), respectively. The versatility of this process is exemplified by application to a wide range of polymer bac...

background: cirrhinus mrigala, one of the important fish widely consumed in india, was used for karyological observations and to evaluate the toxic effect of butachlor, an extensively used herbicide in rice fields in terms of chromosomal aberration test. methods: fishes were collected from “national fish seed farm” jyotisar with mean body weight of 20-50g. the experimental fishes were kept in t...

The diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) requires expensive and complex instrumentation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the value of end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) in screening for sleep apneas. Thirty-nine patients referred to our sleep laboratory because of suspected SAS and ten normal subjects were studied. The EtCO2 was measured using an infrared spectrometer (POET) designed fo...

A crucial property addressed in the linear Calderón-Zygmund theory, going back to the founding article [1], is the fact that operators bounded on L whose kernels possess certain regularity are in fact bounded on every L space for 1 < p < ∞. Moreover, such a regularity assumption implies, together with the L-boundedness of the operator, a weak-type end-point estimate in L. From these continuity ...

Post-processing methods can be used in mobile communications to improve the intelligibility of speech in adverse near-end noise conditions. This study proposes a phase spectrum modification method for intelligibility enhancement in mobile devices. The method first modifies the phase spectrum of speech in order to reduce the amplitude range of the signal. The amplitude level is then equalized to...

BACKGROUND The detection of T-wave end points on electrocardiogram (ECG) is a basic procedure for ECG processing and analysis. Several methods have been proposed and tested, featuring high accuracy and percentages of correct detection. Nevertheless, their performance in noisy conditions remains an open problem. METHODS A new approach and algorithm for T-wave end location based on the computat...

The paper contains a new necessary optimality condition for optimal control problems with free terminal time and discontinuous time dependence, which actually is a family of conditions, each corresponding to a continuation of optimal trajectory beyond the optimal time for an arbitrary small interval.

Necessary conditions of optimality are derived for multiobjective optimal control problems with free end-time, in which the dynamics constraint is modeled as a nonconvex differential inclusion. The obtained results cover some previous results on necessary conditions for multiojective and single objective optimal control problems.