the environmental rules of reverse logistic networks have caused important economic growth in the past decades. to integrate forward logistic networks with reverse logistics networks a helpful method is to design both networks simultaneously. considering more retrieval choices in modeling reverse logistic systems can be very critical. this article contains a mixed integer linear programming mod...

The situation calculus is one of the most established formalisms for reasoning about action and change. In this paper we will review the basics of Reiter’s version of the situation calculus, show how knowledge and time have been addressed in this framework, and point to some of the weaknesses of the situation calculus with respect to time. We then present a modal version of the situation calcul...

I felt the world narrow as I looked at her, a frail woman tonight thin and grey, lent animus by memory and desperation and loneliness. She gestured weakly as I came to her and said something, muffled, under the thick, coiled tubing which snaked to the mask bound about her face. I took the straps off, and at this early morning hour she straightened her hair feebly, gazing in the darkness as the ...

Anesthesiologists often encounter unexpected situations that may result in fatal consequences if not managed promptly and prudently. Management of a difficult airway is a primary consideration for any anesthesiologist. Even in the most experienced hands, an emergency situation may arise because of either limited time or limited resources. Here we present a case report in which a difficult airwa...

A fundamental aspect of general reasoning about physical systems is qualitative reasoning about continuous processes. The situation calculus is proposed as a framework for qualitative reasoning with some desirable properties that are less evident in the traditional framework, qualitative physics. However, in order to handle qualitative reasoning about continuous properties, we extend the concur...

A narrative is a course of real events about which we might have incomplete information. Formalisms for reasoning about action may be broadly divided into those which are narrative-based, such as the Event Calculus of Kowalski and Sergot, and those which reason on the level of hypothetical sequences of actions, in particular the Situation Calculus. This paper bridges the gap between these types...