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Cellular and humoral responses in animals are frequently induced by subcutaneous injection with antigen emulsified in an agent such as complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). These emulsions are commonly prepared by repetitive mixing of aqueous and oil components in two coupled syringes (1). Although effective, this procedure is slow and tedious. Sonification has proven to be a more rapid alternative...

(King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guindy) For testing every sample of blood the Kahn antigen emulsion has to be distributed in three varying volumes with the Kahn pipette. When a number of tests have to be performed, the time, labour and eye-strain involved in carefully transferring the antigen emulsion to the bottom of each tube are factors which require to be considered. The Kahn antige...

Water-in-oil emulsions are commonly used to provide persistent release of antigens necessary for sustained stimulation of the immune system. Optimal response of an animal's immune system is dependent upon repeated, maintained exposure to the antigen. The sustained release of antigen, which delays catab-olism, is thought to be one of the major methods by which adjuvants enhance the immune respon...

  Purpose: In recent years high explosive bomb attacks have been increasingly directed against   civil structures by various terrorist organizations. This paper describes a numerical method for   assessing the interaction of high explosive air blast within the complex geometrical type of a   congested urban environment.   Materials and Methods: The first step in predicting blast effects on a ta...

emulsion stability, viscoelastic rheological properties and particle size distribution of french dressing samples formulated with two types of commercial modified starch have been investigated. the product’s usual thickening agents, xanthan and guar gum, were 100% substituted by (2, 2.2%) of acetylated distarch adipate (ada) and hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate (hdp) from waxy maize starch....

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of chitosan Nano-gel/emulsion coating functionalized by Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZCEO) and nisin on growth inhibition of Escherichia coli O157: H7 inoculated in beef samples during 16 days in cold storage condition (4˚C). Methods: Beef sample ...

A speedboat full of explosives crashes into an Indian oil platform located 160 kilometers off the coast of Mumbai, causing an immense explosion.1 As a result, fifteen crewmembers are killed, hundreds of millions of dollars of damage is inflicted, and India is left without a vital source of energy. Additionally, the explosion causes a massive oil leak with the attendant catastrophic ecological e...