A major limitation of on-water catalysis has been the need for liquid reactants to enable emulsification. We demonstrate that ionic liquids are compatible with on-water catalysis, enabling on-water catalysed reactions for otherwise unreactive solid-solid systems. The unique solvation properties of ionic liquids dramatically expands the scope of on-water catalysis.

PURPOSE We previously designed a novel foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) to treat severe retinal detachment and evaluated its performance in a 1-year follow up study. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a silicone oil (SO)-filled FCVB in a 3-year follow-up. METHODS Standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and the FCVB was triple folded an...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effective phaco time (EPT), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and nucleus emulsification time (NET) as phaco parameters with 0- and 30-degree phaco tip. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective, interventional and observational case series included 294 patients scheduled for cataract removal by phacoemulsification technique. Patients with nuclear cataracts of grade 4 and...

Emulsions have long been utilized to make materials for foods, drugs, cosmetics, and displays because of their efficient encapsulation properties. While they are most commonly made in bulk, recent advances in microfluidics have enabled the design and manipulation of emulsion drops with unprecedented control and flexibility, albeit only on a drop-bydrop basis. Multiple-phase emulsions of very hi...