Modern herbicidal weed control often exploits physiological differences among plants and takes advantage of herbicide tolerance or resistance in crop plants to bring about the selective removal of susceptible weeds. The Weed Science Society of America defines herbicide tolerance as “the inherent ability of a plant to survive and reproduce after herbicide treatment” which suggests that herbicide...

Herbicide use is increasing worldwide both in agriculture and private gardens. However, our knowledge of potential side-effects on non-target soil organisms, even on such eminent ones as earthworms, is still very scarce. In a greenhouse experiment, we assessed the impact of the most widely used glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup on two earthworm species with different feeding strategies. We dem...

We have witnessed a dramatic increase in the frequency and diversity of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes over the past two decades, which poses a threat to the sustainability of agriculture at both local and global levels. In addition, non-target-site mechanisms of herbicide resistance seem to be increasingly implicated. Non-target-site herbicide resistance normally involves the biochemical mo...

PURPOSE In Korea, registration of paraquat-containing herbicides was canceled in November 2011, and sales thereof were completely banned in November 2012. We evaluated the effect of the paraquat ban on the epidemiology and mortality of herbicide-induced poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study analyzed patients treated for herbicide poisoning at 17 emergency departments in So...

to be the biggest problem associated with stand establishment. Previous work has indicated that drought Planting rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) directly into stress, particularly in the 3 mo postplanting is one of grass sod may be practical for producers [e.g., cow-calf (Bos taurus) the main reasons stands fail to establish or establish production, low maintenance roadside or turf sit...

Atrazine and metolachlor were more strongly retained on earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) castings than on soil, suggesting that earthworm castings at the surface or at depth can reduce herbicide movement in soil. Herbicide sorption by castings was related to the food source available to the earthworms. Both atrazine and metolachlor sorption increased with increasing organic carbon (C) conten...

Modern herbicides make major contributions to global food production by easily removing weeds and substituting for destructive soil cultivation. However, persistent herbicide selection of huge weed numbers across vast areas can result in the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance. Herbicides target specific enzymes, and mutations are selected that confer resistance-endowing amino acid substitu...