Observations of bridge abutment scour lead to a practical new approach for estimating realistic scour IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering depths at bridge abutments. Prior design approaches usually led to unrealistically deep estimates of abutment scour depth. The observations presented stem from flume experiments conducted with abutments with approach embankments subject to a range of erodibilit...

Tremendous quantities of reservoir deposited sediments are required to be dredged regularly to maintain the storage capacity of the reservoir. The reservoir dredged material (RDM) can be utilized as construction material after admixing with additives such as cement and fly ash thereby improving its strength characteristics. This research paper presents results of laboratory investigation carrie...

Abstract Safety and maintenance of railway tracks has been very crucial, for sustainable economic development many nations. Almost the entire Indian were built over raised earth embankments. These embankments are susceptible to slope failure due numerous reasons. One major cause is seepage surface runoff during rainy (monsoon) season. Erosion by gullying regarded as most significant scar. Vario...

The dynamically changing world poses new challenges to urbanized areas, e.g., related water management in the architectural and urban context. Improving retention strengthening blue-green infrastructure can be based on technical, semi-natural natural methods, which are less invasive. Various forms used city space: flow control, detention, retention, filtration, infiltration, treatment. implemen...

Wind-flow pattern over embankments involves an overexposure of the rolling stock travelling on them to wind loads. Windbreaks are a common solution for changing the flow characteristic in order to decrease unwanted effects induced by the presence of cross-wind. The shelter effectiveness of a set of windbreaks placed over a railway twin-track embankment is experimentally analysed. A set of two-d...

-The objective of this paper is to enable CCD camera for area measuring while recording images simultaneously. Based on an established relationship between pixel number and distance in this paper, we can derive the horizontal and vertical length of a targeted object, and subsequently calculate the area covered by the object. Because of the advantages demonstrated, the proposed system can be use...

A novel fiber-optic sensor assembly for continuous monitoring of moisture over extended subsurface environments, such as road embankments, wall backfills, and landfills is presented. This sensor meets the requirements of subsurface monitoring by distributed measurements over linear positioning of a single fiber. The sensor assembly is composed of a communication optical fiber and a hydrophilic ...

This case study examines household vulnerability and responses in relation to flooding in Udayapur district, Nepal. It describes how communities in this region deal with flooding and asks to what extent their preventive, coping, and adaptation measures have been successful in avoiding loss and damage. A 300-household survey, along with open interviews and focus group discussions, revealed a wid...

Polymer optical fiber (POF) sensors based on the Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) technique provide the unique ability to measure high strain up to 40 % fully distributed along the fiber. Standard PMMA POF are introduced and evaluated in potential use and applicability. The advances in distributed POF strain sensor technology are concluded with respect to application in structural healt...