The hepatitis-B virus (HBV) is one of the most common chronic pathogens in the world. More than 2 billions of world population have been exposed to this virus and 350 millions of them (5% of world population) are chronic carriers of HBV. One of the most common routes of transmission of this virus is blood products and transfusion . For this reason blood transfusion organization controls all of ...

background: among most of the hepatic diseases, elevation of alanine amino transferase (alt) level is the hallmark of hepatocyte necrosis. but, no study has been performed in this field in iran. materials and methods: this study is designed to compare the grade, stage, and histological activity index (hai score) of liver pathology between patients with normal serum alt and elevated serum alt. i...

macular or maculopapular skin reactions are frequent events in skin allergies as well as in viral infections. clinically, the differentiation may be difficult in the absence of a clear relationship with drug intake or in the failure to detect measles virus-specific antibodies. studies on drug-specific t cell lines and t cell clones isolated from skin-allergy patients have suggested that these c...

elevated tanks are important structures in storing vital products, such as petroleum products for cities and industrial facilities, as well as water storage. these structures have various types and are constructed in a way that a greater portion of their weight is concentrated at an elevation much about the base. damage to these structures during strong ground motions may lead to fire or other ...

vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus has been changed over time and its average minimum inhibitory concentration increased from 1.5 to 1.75 mg/l. a recently published guideline by the american society of health pharmacist recommended a daily dose of 15-20 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours of vancomycin to achieve a trough concentration between 15-20 mg/l for treatmen...