UNLABELLED According to theoretical frameworks casting perception as inference, vision results from the integration of bottom-up visual input with top-down expectations. Under conditions of strongly degraded sensory input, this may occasionally result in false perceptions in the absence of a sensory signal, also termed "hallucinations." Here, we investigated whether spontaneous prestimulus acti...

BACKGROUND Charles Bonnet's Syndrome (CBS), characterised by the presence of complex visual hallucinations in psychologically normal people, was considered for a long time to be rare. Systematic research on CBS has been limited. However, it has been realised that CBS occurs frequently in elderly, visually handicapped patients, and we have been able to study the syndrome in a large number of pat...

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of visual hallucinations among hospice inpatients, and the prevalence of a number of possible associated risk factors. One hundred consecutive admissions to St. John's Hospice in Wirral were screened for visual hallucinations in a semi-structured interview. The prevalence of opioid administration, other drugs known to cause hallucinations, br...

We report a case of a 43-year-old woman with brainstem encephalitis in the third trimester of pregnancy. She presented complex visual and auditory hallucinations in the acute disease phase (hearing opera arias and seeing room furniture upside-down). Hallucinations resolved with antiviral treatment.

brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infectious disease in middle east countries including iran. this infection may involve central nervous system. psychosis has been reported in rare cases with chronic brucellosis. a 26-year-old male shepherd patient who developed neuro-brucellosis and psychosis is presented. he had hallucinations (visual and auditory) and delusions. he was also impulsive and ha...