The purple photosynthetic sulfur bacterium, Chromatium, will grow only in the light and under anaerobic conditions. This organism can grow on an inorganic medium utilizing CO2 as the sole carbon source in the presence of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. Some reduced carbon compounds can be utilized for the growth of this organism but only in the light and under anaerobic conditions. In this ...

Activated carbon is an elemental material used for hygienic applications, particularly as an adsorbent for harmful gases and vapors. In Japanese industrial and occupational hygiene, activated carbon produced from coconut shell is a traditional and popular adsorbent material due to its excellent adsorption ability and cost advantage. In this research, in order to clarify the effect of the prelim...

Adsorption behavior of unburned carbons from fly ash has been investigated in this study. Batch tests and column test were carried out for several unburned carbon samples from various ash sources and processing schemes. Adsorption isotherms have been obtained from these tests. Results show that the unburned carbons have equal or better adsorption capacity for elemental mercury comparing with so...

Ultrathin carbon nanomembranes (CNM) comprising crosslinked biphenyl precursors have been tested as support films for energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) of biological specimens. Due to their high transparency CNM are ideal substrates for electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of stained and unstained biological samples. Virtually ...

Oxygen functional groups were removed from activated carbon in order to improve the electrochemical supercapacitor performance. Commercially available and surface-modified activated carbon electrodes were compared in non-aqueous electrolyte, which allowed stable experimentation at high voltages. N2-adsorption, FT-IR, and elemental analyzer were used to characterize the surface areas, pore volum...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to measure the free radicals in the particulate matter (PM) emissions from wood and coal combustion. The intensity of radicals in PM dropped linearly within two months of sample storage and stabilized after that. This factor of storage time was adjusted when comparing radical intensities among different PM samples. An inverse relations...

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized by a simple way of incomplete combustion of kerosene. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM particle sizes of prepared CNPs were found to be non-uniform. The average size of particl...

The origin of the carbon atoms in CO2 respired by leaves in the dark of several plant species has been studied using 13C/12C stable isotopes. This study was conducted using an open gas exchange system for isotope labeling that was coupled to an elemental analyzer and further linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS) or coupled to a gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass s...

Elemental-, equivalent black- and refractory black-carbon are terms that have been defined in order to dissect the more general term, black carbon, into its component parts related to its specific chemical and optical properties and its impact on climate and health. Recent publications have attempted to clarify the meaning of these terms with respect to their environmental impact, particularly ...

Radiocarbon enables a distinction between contemporary and fossil carbon, which can be used for the apportionment of biogenic and anthropogenic sources in environmental studies. In order to apply this approach to carbonaceous atmospheric aerosols, it is necessary to adapt pretreatment procedures to the requirements of 14C measurements. In this work, we followed an approach in which total carbon...