We analyse photonic penguin contributions to the rare decay B → K * γ by taking into account the correction of order m K * /m B and the bound state effect in the perturbative QCD framework. It is shown that the contributions coming from both of photonic penguin diagrams should be calculated since the contribution from the second photonic penguin diagram is enhanced by the bound state effect. Th...

We report the discovery of the first vertebrate from the Paleogene of Tierra del Fuego (Isla Grande), Argentina, in southernmost South America. The specimen consists of parts of an associated pelvic girdle and limb that are identified as belonging to the penguin stem clade (Aves: Pansphenisciformes). The specimen, from an exposure of the Leticia Formation (late middle Eocene), is the earliest k...

We update our 1993 analysis of the CP violating ratio ε/ε in view of the changes in several input parameters, in particular the improved value of the top quark mass. We also investigate the strange quark mass ms dependence of ε/ε in view of rather low values found in the most recent lattice calculations. A simple scanning of the input parameters within one standard deviation gives the ranges: −...

We calculate branching ratios for pure penguin decay modes, B → φK decays using perturbative QCD approach. Our results of branching ratios are consistent with the experimental data and larger than those obtained from the naive factorization assumption and the QCD-improved factorization approach. This is due to a dynamical penguin enhancement in perturbative QCD approach. PACS index : 13.25.Hw, ...

The precision of the CP phases 2β and 2β(s) determined from the mixing-induced CP asymmetries in B(d)→J/ψK(S) and B(s)→J/ψϕ, respectively, is limited by the unknown long-distance contribution of a penguin diagram involving up quarks. The penguin contribution is expected to be comparable in size to the precision of the LHCb and Belle II experiments and, therefore, limits the sensitivity of the m...

Background: The sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Archipelago (46°53’S, 37°52’E), consisting of Marion and Prince Edward islands, is situated in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, approximately 2 600 km away from the closest Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding locality, Bouvet Island (54°25’S; 3°22’E). Methods: Two opportunistic sightings of an Adélie penguin at Marion Island on 28 Oct...

Performing a fit to the available experimental data, we quantify the effect of long-distance contributions from penguin contractions in B0 → J/ψK0 decays. We estimate the deviation of the measured SCP term of the time-dependent CP asymmetry from sin 2β induced by these contributions and by the penguin operators. We find ∆S = 0.000±0.017 ([−0.035, 0.033] @ 95% probability).

The Falkland Islands are an important breeding site for three species of penguin, gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), southern rockhopper (Eudyptes c. chrysocome) and Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). The total penguin population for the Falkland Islands has declined by 84 % during the 1980s and 1990s. These declines did not occur in coastal South America, so potential causes of decline in t...

The ratio $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ measures the size of direct CP violation in $K_L\to\pi\pi$ decays $(\epsilon^\prime)$ relative to indirect one described by $\epsilon$ and is very sensitive new sources violation. As such it played a prominent role particle physics already for 45 years. Due smallness its measurement required heroic efforts 1980s 1990s on both sides Atlantic with final results pres...