1 The spin–boson model is applied to describe the coupling between protein motion and electron transfer for the primary electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction center of Rps. viridis, a coupling which involves a very large number of degrees of freedom of the protein. For this purpose the relationship between the spectral function J(ω) characterizing the protein motion and the fluctuati...

Measurements are presented of a device designed to cool a 6 microm;{2} region of 2D electron gas using quantum dots. Electrostatic effects are found to be significant in the device, and a model that accounts for them is developed. At ambient electron temperatures above 120 mK the results are consistent with the model and the base temperature of the cooled region is estimated. At an ambient elec...

We present thermal measurements of large-area (over 1000 μm2) monolayer graphene samples at cryogenic temperatures to study the electron-phonon thermal conductivity of graphene. By using two large samples with areas which differ by a factor of 10, we are able to clearly show the area dependence of the electron-phonon cooling. We find that, at temperatures far below the Bloch-Grüneisen temperatu...

The continuous electron bombardment of a sample during transmission electron microscopy (TEM) drives atomic-scale transformations. In earlier studies the transformations appeared to proceed as if the sample was held at an elevated temperature, and, indeed, the hypothesis of an electron-beam-induced virtual temperature has gained traction in the scientific community. However, the sample is not s...

Electron loss cross sections of Au and Au2+ by electron and proton impact are calculated by using respectively the Lotz formula and the LOSS and CAPTURE computer codes. The corresponding rate coefficients have also been calculated. Using this information, the signal levels of heavy ion beam probe in the Large Helical Device are estimated. The calculated beam currents at the detector position ar...

this experimental study investigated the effects of quenching and tempering heat treatment on fatiguebehavior and also tempering temperature and time holding of aisi 1060 steel. at first, the specimenswere austenitized at 800˚c for 1 hour, and then were quenched in the water bath of 25˚c temperature.after that, tempering process was done at the temperature of 250˚c, 450˚c and 650˚c for 1 and 2 ...

Electron thermal fluxes are derived from the power balance for Tore Supra (TS) and NSTX discharges with centrally deposited fast wave electron heating. Measurements of the electron temperature and density profiles, combined with ray tracing computations of the power absorption profiles, allow detailed interpretation of the thermal flux versus temperature gradient. Evidence supporting the occurr...

Thermal electron attachment to the radical species C2F3 and C2F5 has been studied over the temperature range 300-890 K using the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry technique. Both radicals exclusively undergo dissociative attachment to yield F(-). The rate constant for C2F5 shows little dependence over the temperature range, remaining ~4 × 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1). The...

A perturbation technique is proposed for solution of the generalized equations governing the thermal behaviour of thin metal ®lms described by a hyperbolic two-step model. The generalized equations of this model contains diffusion terms in both the electron and lattice energy equations and assumes that incident laser radiation is absorbed by both the electron gas and solid lattice to account fo...

We explore the electrical transport and magneto-conductance (MC) in quasi-two-dimensional strongly correlated ultra-thin films of LaNiO3 (LNO) to investigate the effect of hetero-epitaxial strain on electron–electron and electron–lattice interactions from the low to intermediate temperature range (2–170K). The fully epitaxial 10 unit cell thick films spanning tensile strain up to ∼4% are used t...