The issue of beam-induced damage on diffractive hard X-ray optics is addressed. For this purpose a systematic study on the radiation damage induced by a high-power X-ray beam is carried out in both ambient and inert atmospheres. Diffraction gratings fabricated by three different techniques are considered: electroplated Au gratings both with and without the polymer mold, and Ir-coated Si grating...

A 60 kV neutral lithium diagnostic beam probes the edge plasma of JET for the measurement of electron density profiles. This paper describes recent enhancements of the diagnostic setup, new procedures for calibration and protection measures for the lithium ion gun during massive gas puffs for disruption mitigation. New light splitting optics allow...

Thin film integrated optics components such as light guides, modulators, directional couplers, and polarizers demand high quality edge smoothness and high resolution pattern formation in dimensions down to submicrometer size. Fabrication techniques combining holographic and scanning electron beam lithography with ion beam micromachining have produced planar phase gratings with intervals as smal...

A regenerative amplifier free-electron laser (RAFEL) is a highgain resonator FEL which achieves saturation in a few round-trips of the radiation in a high-loss, and hence low feedback, optical cavity. Because the radiation feedback fraction is low it is feasible that the use of low reflectivity optics in the resonator makes the RAFEL a candidate for short wavelength operation [1]. Several RAFEL...

Four atom optics experiments that each serve to measure atom-surface interactions near nanofabricated gratings are presented here. In these experiments atoms in a beam travel within 25 nm of a material grating bar, and the analysis incorporates phase shifts for the atomic de Broglie waves due to interactions betwen Na atoms and silicon nitride surfaces. One atom diffraction experiment determine...

Here, we report on the working group ‘‘Optics and Beam Transport’’ of the 2005 Energy-Recovery-Linac Workshop. This workshop also had working groups on ‘‘Electron Guns and Injector Designs’’, ‘‘Superconducting RF and RF Control’’, and ‘‘Synchronization and Diagnostics/Instrumentation’’. Here, we are concerned with the many different ERL proposals that international laboratories have been workin...

We investigate the evolution of an electron undergoing coherent tunneling via adiabatic passage CTAP using the solution of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation in both space and time for a triple well potential. We find the eigenspectrum and complete time evolution for a range of different pulsing schemes. This also provides an example of a system that can be described with the tools from b...

The emergence of hard X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables new insights into many fields of science. These new sources provide short, highly intense, and coherent X-ray pulses. In a variety of scientific applications these pulses need to be strongly focused. In this article, we demonstrate focusing of hard X-ray FEL pulses to 125 nm using refractive x-ray optics. For a quantitative analys...

Employing a local moment approach to the periodic Anderson model within the framework of dynamical mean-field theory, direct comparison is made between theory and experiment for the d.c. transport and optical conductivities of paramagnetic heavy fermion and intermediate valence metals. Four materials, exhibiting a diverse range of behaviour in their transport/optics, are analysed in detail: CeB...