The inclusion of electromagnetism in a low energy effective theory is worth further study in view of the present high precision experiments (muon g − 2, π0 → γγ, τ decays, etc.). In particular in many applications of chiral perturbation theory, one has to purify physical matrix elements from electromagnetic effects. The theoretical problems that I want to point out here are following: the split...

A bstract We discuss the emergence of a new symmetry generator in Hamiltonian realisation four-dimensional gauge theories flat space foliated by retarded (advanced) time. It generates an asymptotic that acts on fields way different from usual large transformations. The improved canonical generators, corresponding to and symmetries, form classical Kac-Moody charge algebra with non-trivial centra...

We derive one- and two-dimensional models for classical electromagnetism by making use of Hadamard’s method descent. Low-dimensional is conceived as a specialization the higher-dimensional one, in which fields are uniform along additional spatial directions. This strategy yields two independent electromagnetisms coordinates four one coordinate.

This is an introduction to quantum gravity, aimed at a fairly general audience and concentrating on what have historically been the two main approaches to quantum gravity: the covariant and canonical programs (string theory is not covered). The quantization of gravity is discussed by analogy with the quantization of the electromagnetic field. The conceptual and technical problems of both approa...

This article reviews the electrodynamic force law of Wilhelm Weber and its importance in electromagnetic theory. An introduction is given to Weber’s it shown how has been utilised literature explain electromagnetism as well phenomena other disciplines physics, where connections nuclear force, gravity, cosmology, inertia quantum mechanics. Further, criticism reviewed common misconceptions addres...

Two well known theorems in 3D vector calculus are Gauss’s divergence theorem (actually valid in n dimensions), and Stokes’ theorem. We find new ones. They have interesting consequences in elementary classical electromagnetism. There is a natural way to classify possible theorems of this kind and we have found every theorem the classification admits. These theorems ought to be in the usual under...

We report a noise-induced delay of bifurcation leading to persistent synaptically sustained "ring in a simple neural circuit. Two neural saddle-node oscillators are coupled with reciprocal excitatory synapses. Increasing synaptic current moves the circuit through a bifurcation into a bistable anti-phase regime. Applying a small random current to both neurons delays the onset of bistability. We ...

The M/GI/m/n queueing system with m homogeneous servers and the finite number n of waiting spaces is studied. Let λ be the customers arrival rate, and let μ be the reciprocal of the expected service time of a customer, where λ = mμ. The paper proves that under this assumption the expected number of losses during a busy period remains the same for all n ≥ 1, while in the particular case of the M...