A simple theory of the Rydberg atoms ionisation by electromagnetic pulses and microwave field is presented. The analysis is based on the scale transformation which reduces the number of parameters and reveals the functional dependencies of the processes. It is shown that the observed ionisation of Rydberg atoms by subpicosecond electromagnetic pulses scale classically. The threshold electric fi...

The generalized Dirac equation of the third order, describing particles with spin 1/2 and three mass states, is analyzed. We obtain the first order generalized Dirac equation in the 24-dimensional matrix form, and the density of the electromagnetic current. Minimal and non-minimal (anomalous) electromagnetic interactions of fermions are considered by introducing three phenomenological parameter...

plants for optimal growth requires absorb water and nutrients absorption from the soil. magnetic water downward movement of minerals and makes it easy for plants to absorb nutrients and water. this study was designed to investigate the effect of magnetic salt water on some quantity and quality characteristics of artichoke leaves. the experiment was factorial based on completely randomized desig...

A visualization system of spatial electromagnetic environment was designed and realized. The system realized 2D and 3D visualization of electromagnetic field with electromagnetic distribution situation, isograms, and propagation direction and path. The application result shows that the prototype system can provide the user an efficient visualization tool of spatial electromagnetic environment. ...

Determination of design parameters based on electromagnetic simulations of microwave circuits is an iterative and often time-consuming procedure. Space mapping is a powerful technique to optimize such complex models by efficiently substituting accurate but expensive electromagnetic models, fine models, with fast and approximate models, coarse models. In this paper, we apply two space mapping, a...

An original parameters extraction strategy has been developed using a physical and scalable 2π equivalent on-chip spiral inductors RLC circuit model. This strategy based on optimization only, was used to model spice model parameters as a function of geometrical inductor parameters. The data used in this paper were obtained by using a 3D electromagnetic Field Solver combined with a Design of Exp...

In view of the characteristics of electromagnetic harmonic movable teeth transmission system, the heat loss has been analyzed in this paper based on basic assumptions. At the same time, the calculation methods of electromagnetic loss and mechanical loss in system have been also discussed. Moreover, the influence of changes of system parameters on electromagnetic loss and mechanical loss has bee...

An overview of the current status of research on the electromagnetic induction sounding of Europa’s ocean and deep interior is provided. After briefly reviewing the history of electromagnetic induction methods used for sounding the interiors of Earth and the Moon, we provide a basic theoretical foundation of electromagnetic wave theory for spherical bodies. Next, evidence of electromagnetic ind...

The effective Hamiltonian formalism is extended to vectorial electromagnetic waves in order to describe statistical properties of the field in reverberation chambers. The latter are commonly used in electromagnetic compatibility tests. As a first step, the distribution of wave intensities in chaotic systems with varying opening in the weak coupling limit for scalar quantum waves is derived by m...