Driven by new laws and regulations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases, carriers are starting to use battery electric vehicles (BEVs) for last-mile deliveries. The limited battery capacities of BEVs necessitate visits to recharging stations during delivery tours of industry-typical length, which have to be considered in the route planning in order to avoid inefficient vehicle routes wit...

Using Greedy Clustering Method to Solve Capacitated Location-Routing Problem with Fuzzy Demands Abstract In this paper, the capacitated location routing problem with fuzzy demands (CLRP_FD) is considered. In CLRP_FD, facility location problem (FLP) and vehicle routing problem (VRP) are observed simultaneously. Indeed the vehicles and the depots have a predefined capacity to serve the customerst...

As use of electric vehicles has been expected to grow, the batteries for the electric vehicles have become critical because the batteries are a key part of the paradigm shift in the automotive industry. However, the demand for electric vehicles has been growing slowly and the electric vehicle battery industry still has internal and external competitions to become a standardized energy source fo...

In this work we introduce a green inventory routing problem termed the Stochastic Inventory Routing Problem on Electric Roads (S-IRP-ER), in which hybrid vehicle navigates road network with charging opportunities some sections, to cover non-stationary stochastic demand of single product for set retailers network. We model using isochrone graphs represent real an graph nodes are located such tha...

VANET is an emerging technology which has taken enormous attention for researcher in the past few years. But due to its high mobility and frequent disconnected characteristics, it's very tough for routing protocols to disseminate data for wireless communication. No single protocol for VANET is able to meet every traffic scenario. Therefore, design of routing protocol is important aspect fo...

In this paper, a survey is presented on the use of optimization models for integration electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations (CSs) in energy system, paying particular attention both to planning problems (i.e., those related long term decisions such as siting sizing CSs), operational management optimal scheduling EVs smart grids, microgrids buildings taking into account vehicle-to-grid (...

Traditional vehicle routing problems implicitly assume only one crew operates a vehicle for the entirety of its journey. However, this assumption is violated in many applications arising in humanitarian and military logistics. This paper considers a Joint Vehicle and Crew Routing and Scheduling Problem, in which crews are able to interchange vehicles, resulting in space and time interdependenci...