Attempts have been made in this laboratory to compare the biological action of the soft or low frequency and the hard or high frequency x-rays, but the impossibility of comparing doses of the two types of rays with our present apparatus and measuring devices has rendered the results of these studies of little value. However, by varying the doses of the soft and hard rays there is one point whic...

Diffuse discharge opening switches usually operate with gas mixtures containing attachers when short opening times are desired. For arc free discharge 1nitiation, a preionization source should produce a sufficient electron density at the time when the voltage rises across the discharge. Therefore, a preionizer must have 1) a short rise and fall time, 2) sufficient power, and 3) a sufficiently p...

Finite element simulations have been conducted to determine the temperature distribution (both in radial and axial direction), heat and electric flux-field in the powder compact/die/punch assembly during the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. A thermal–electrical coupled model with temperature dependent thermal and electrical properties is implemented. The simulation studies were conducted u...

Wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) is spark erosion in unconventional machining technique to cut hard and the conductive material with a wire as an electrode. The blanking die material SKD 11 is a high carbon and high chromium tool steel with high hardness and high wearing resistance property. This tool steel has broad application in press tools and dies making industries. In this research ...

The freezing of liquid water into ice was studied inside a gap of nanometer spacing under the control of electric fields and gap distance. The interfacial water underwent a sudden, reversible phase transition to ice in electric fields of 10(6) V m(-1) at room temperature. The critical field strength for the freezing transition was much weaker than that theoretically predicted for alignment of w...

The Electric Particulate Suspension (EPS) is a combustion ignition system being developed at Iowa State University for evaluating quenching effects of powders in microgravity (quenching distance, ignition energy, flammability limits). Because of the high cloud uniformity possible and its simplicity, the EPS method has potential for ‘benchmark’ design of quenching flames that would provide NASA ...

EDM is an unconventional electro thermal machining process used for manufacturing geometrically complex or hard material parts that are extremely difficult-to-machine by conventional machining process. The process involves a controlled erosion of electrically conductive materials by the initiation of rapid and repetitive spark discharges between the tool and work piece separated by a small gap ...

In our previous study, we have predicted the novel two-dimensional honeycomb monolayers of pnictogen. In particular, the structure and properties of the honeycomb monolayer of nitrogen, which we call nitrogene, are very unusual. In this paper, we make an in-depth investigation of its electronic structure. We find that the band structure of nitrogene can be engineered in several ways: controllin...