In this study, we implemented the different approaches to compare their time efficiency. MMB-FCA, EFP-FCA and FCF are the previous approaches which were (re-)implemented in this study. Additionally, our new method called FFCA, together with three improved versions of the FCF method, namely W-FCF (FCF without splitting reversible reactions), WR-FCF (FCF without splitting reversible reactions and...

The widely used Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigms used for studying the neurobiology of learning and memory have mainly used auditory cues as conditioned stimuli (CS). The present work assessed the neural network involved in olfactory fear conditioning, using olfactory bulb stimulation-induced field potential signal (EFP) as a marker of plasticity in the olfactory pathway. Training consiste...

Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases. The bacterium persists in pigs resulting in asymptomatic 'carrier pigs', generating a major source for Salmonella contamination of pork. Until now, very little is known concerning the mechanisms used by Salmonella Typhimurium during persistence in pigs. Using in vivo expression technology (I...

PURPOSE Anticholinergics are a key element in treating neurogenic detrusor overactivity, but only limited data are available in the pediatric population, thus limiting the application to children even for oxybutynin chloride (OC), a prototype drug. This retrospective study was designed to provide data regarding the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of OC in the pediatric population (0-15 years...

The use of Microsoft PowerPoint (a form multimedia) presentations in classroom instruction has significantly increased globally on both online and offline platforms. This study examines the perception “English for Professionals (EFP)” students toward usage MS classrooms delivering lectures effects students' learning. Questionnaires were used to conduct a quantitative survey. Descriptive analysi...