Research on using project work in teaching various disciplines has pointed out a number of challenges facing teachers. Similar research in the EFL classroom, however, has been under-researched. This study aimed to fill the gap with a report on the Vietnamese high school teachers’ challenges in implementing project-based learning in the setting of curricular innovation in English instruction nat...

The development of an organism depends on individual cells receiving and executing their specific fates, although how this process is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we identify a mechanism by which a specific cell fate, apoptosis, is determined through the cooperative efforts of Hox and E2F proteins. E2F transcription factors are critical, conserved regulators of the cell cycle and ap...

The issue of natural order in acquiring some morphemes in English has been a controversial one in psycholinguistics and applied linguistics. This article seeks to test Krashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis employing the Competition Model among two age groups of pre-adolescent and adult age in an EFL setting. Research on this issue has been mostly conducted in ESL settings and the results have been...

The acronyms of ENL, ESL, and EFL have been around for long enough as names of certain varieties of English depending on their locale and related circumstances of use. In their expanded form, they are known as ' ', ' ', and ' '. Far from being hypothetical varieties of the language, the three have their distinctive traits that are measurable along sociolinguistic and linguistic clines. On both ...

often given with prednisolone, would have been necessary. In pregnant women with West African (T. brucei gambiense) stage II disease, either melarsoprol or eflornithine can be used, but neither is effective for East African disease. Although efl ornithine can abort early pregnancies and cause disordered organogenesis (9), the severe encephalopathy associated with melarsoprol makes efl ornithine...

While the advantages of cooperative learning activities have been extensively acknowledged in L2 literature, this type of pedagogy has not received due attention in the Iranian EFL context. Indeed, the traditional reading method still dominates in most Iranian EFL university classes even though it fails to meet its main objective which is training competent EFL readers. In an attempt to address...