Spin-wave dynamics in full-Heusler Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 films are studied using all-optical pump-probe magneto-optical polar Kerr spectroscopy. Backward volume magnetostatic spin-wave (BVMSW) mode is observed in films with thickness ranging from 20 to 100 nm besides perpendicular standing spin-wave (PSSW) mode, and found to be excited more efficiently than the PSSW mode. The field dependence of the ...

The advent of biotechnology-derived, herbicide-resistant crops has revolutionized farming practices in many countries. Facile, highly effective, environmentally sound, and profitable weed control methods have been rapidly adopted by crop producers who value the benefits associated with biotechnology-derived weed management traits. But a rapid rise in the populations of several troublesome weeds...

In designing wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is important to reduce energy dissipation and prolong network lifetime. Clustering of nodes is one of the most effective approaches for conserving energy in WSNs. Cluster formation protocols generally consider the heterogeneity of sensor nodes in terms of energy difference of nodes but ignore the different transmission ranges of them. In this pap...

peripheral nerve injuries (pni) can lead to lifetime loss of function and disfigurement. different methods such as conventional allograft procedures and using of biological tubes have problems for damaged peripheral nerves reconstruction. designed scaffolds with natural and synthetic materials are now widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues. utilization of absorbable and non-absorb...

Maintaining effective coverage and extending the network lifetime as much as possible has become one of the most critical issues in the coverage of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective coverage optimization algorithm for WSNs, namely MOCADMA, which models the coverage control of WSNs as the multi-objective optimization problem. MOCADMA uses a memetic algorithm with a dynamic local ...

Nodes in ad hoc networks typically rely on battery energy. The wireless interface is one of the major drain on energy reserves of the nodes. Turning off network interfaces of idle nodes while maintaining effective network forwarding capacity is an effective energy conservation technique. In this paper, we describe the Ant-Based Energy Conservation (ABEC) mechanism to prolong network lifetime. B...

Clustering for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an effective scheme in utilizing sensor nodes energy and extending the network lifetime, while coverage preservation is one of the most essential issues to guarantee the quality of service (QoS). However, the coverage problem has not been well understood so far. For mission-critical applications of networks, it is crucial to consider coverage re...

Topology issues have received more and more attentions in Wireless Sensor Networks . WSN applications are normally optimized by the given underlying network topology. Topology control is an effective method to improve the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks. Due to the severe resource limitations of the sensor nodes (e.g., small battery, limited computation capabilities, inexpensive t...

In the hierarchical wireless sensor network (WSN), cluster-based network architecture can enhance network self-control capability and resource efficiency, and prolong the whole network lifetime. Thus, clustering has also been a topic of interest in many different disciplines. Finding an energy-effective and efficient way to generate cluster is very important in WSN. We propose a distributed, en...

BACKGROUND We examined efficacy, toxicity, relapse, cost, and quality-of-life thresholds of hypothetical HIV cure interventions that would make them cost-effective compared to life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We used a computer simulation model to assess three HIV cure strategies: Gene Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), each compared to ART. Efficacy an...