A new definition is proposed for the effective number of bits of an ADC. This definition removes the variation in the calculated effective bits when the amplitude and offset of the sinewave test signal is slightly varied. This variation is most pronounced when test signals with amplitudes of a small number of code bin widths are applied to very low noise ADC's. The effectiveness of the proposed...

Many oligonucleotide arrays contain spatial flaws. Standardisation methods such as quantile scaling make no reference to the spatial nature of the flaws. However, the spatial compactness of such flaws can be exploited to provide the basis for corrections that are quite independent of any subsequent chip-wide correction procedure (such as quantile scaling). With three or more replicate arrays, v...

One of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology is the Nature vs Nurture debate. Each of these sides have good points that it's really hard to decide whether a person's development is predisposed in his DNA, or a majority of it is influenced by this life experiences and his environment. As of now, we know that both nature and nurture play important roles in human development, but we ha...

Here we show that the Event Driven Condition Free (EVCF) simulation technique for gate-level circuits can be extended to the multi-delay timing model. In the multi-delay timing model, gates have different integer delays. Events are produced out of order and must be sorted for processing. The EVCF technique has shown spectacular gains in performance for the zero-delay and unit-delay models. The ...

participation and rule of collective wisdom and ranchers’ involvement in decisions has become common practice nowadays. sustainable development can be followed through targeting and leading participation to the preservation and restoration of natural resources. so, participation concepts and its effective factors have to be investigated carefully. this study was conducted to investigate the soc...

One of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology is the Nature vs Nurture debate. Each of these sides have good points that it's really hard to decide whether a person's development is predisposed in his DNA, or a majority of it is influenced by this life experiences and his environment. As of now, we know that both nature and nurture play important roles in human development, but we ha...

This paper attempts to provide an account of an ongoing project on developing methods with software implementation for building multilingual lexical databases based on Princeton WordNet. The objectives of this project are not unique; several similar projects have been carried out to different stages. We have been implementing a combination of manual and automatic techniques. The result is an ef...

This paper presents a method to detect and measure the hilar region of chest radiographs. The reason why there is no suggested method to detect hilar region is that the hilar region does not have a clear shape or specific texture. We use a very simple but very effective method to detect the location and size of the hilar region of chest radiographs.

This paper examines whether civic technology ICTs provide an effective method for enhancing the political efficacy of citizens and their perceived accountability of governments. Using a survey-based methodology, a quantitative analysis was conducted of the users of civic action sites in the UK, Kenya, South Africa and USA. The key question examined is whether the particularized or citizen-audit...

Statistical process control, a recognized technique for improving quality and productivity, has been widely employed throughout various industries. The conventional Shewhart control charts are applicable only when the collected sample data are real-valued data. For the purpose of controlling uncertain information when interval-valued data inevitably appear in the manufacturing or service proces...