Drive and motivation are central to affective neuroscience. Here, we describe the development of conceptualizations from early behaviorist theories to contemporary theories linking motivation closely to reward. Current experimental data suggest key roles of drive and motivation in the wanting, liking, and learning processes underlying the pleasure cycle supporting survival of individuals and sp...

objective(s): previous studies showed that skeletal muscle microcirculation was reduced in chronic heart failure. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on capillary and arteriolar density of fast and slow twitch muscles in rats with chronic heart failure. materials and methods: four weeks after surgeries (left anterior descending (lad) artery occlusion), chr...

The endothelial glycocalyx has been identified as a barrier to transvascular exchange of fluid, macromolecules, and leukocyte-endothelium [endothelial cell (EC)] adhesion during the inflammatory process. Shedding of glycans and structural changes of the glycocalyx have been shown to occur in response to several agonists. To elucidate the effects of glycan shedding on microvascular hemodynamics ...

block heights and capillary continuity between matrix blocks play paramount role in the sensitivity analysis and therefore the history matching of cumulative oil production and production rate of carbonated fractured reservoirs. in this study, the influence of these parameters upon cumulative production and recovery factor of an iranian fractured reservoir were studied by the usage of a simulat...

pyogenic granuloma (pg) is a reactive inflammatory hyperplastic oral lesion in response to local irritants. it is the most commonly occurring and a well-known oral lesion by oral physicians that most commonly affects gingiva, followed by lips, buccal mucosa, palate and tongue. “pyogenic granuloma” term itself is a misnomer. this article presents a report of 2 cases of pyogenic granuloma of ...

INTRODUCTION The discussion on the relationship between diabetes and driving has continued in recent years all over the world. The issue of diabetes, its treatment models, the risk of hypoglycaemia and license to drive are receiving considerable attention. Driving ability is controlled by specific regulations. Polish legislation does not provide standard procedures for dealing with the question...

Plasma Wake-Field Acceleration (PWFA) has demonstrated acceleration gradients above 50 GeV/m. Simulations have shown drive/witness bunch configurations that yield small energy spreads in the accelerated witness bunch and high energy transfer efficiency from the drive bunch to the witness bunch, ranging from 30% for a Gaussian drive bunch to 95% for bunch with triangular shaped longitudinal prof...

Monitoring the state of mechanical machine tool components is of growing importance for increasing machine tool availability and reducing inspection efforts and costs. Open Numeric Controls offer a new opportunity for getting access to signals of drives as well as of the control itself and to integrate end-user’s individual applications. Because the actual drive signals contain information on t...