This paper starts with a brief background to worldwide standardization activities in the field of educational technologies. It then focuses on the specific area of metadata, and introduces the two most relevant approaches there: IEEE LTSC LOM and DC-Education. We review how different communities adopt and support educational metadata for their constituencies. This paper can be considered as a f...

The paper discusses the problems of applying adaptive hypermedia techniques, namely adaptive navigation support in Web-based educational courseware. Adaptive navigation support techniques provide support mechanisms, which are tailored to accommodate the current knowledge, background and learning goal of an individual user. Web-based education with adaptive guidance is a way to maximize educatio...

OBJECTIVE Malocclusion is a highly prevalent condition, affecting 20-60% of adolescents worldwide. Although its treatment is often expensive and unaffordable for disadvantaged individuals, few studies have examined the relationship between malocclusion and socioeconomic status. We investigated the prevalence of malocclusion among Mongolian adolescents and its association with maternal education...

Education and Family Background: Mechanisms and Policies In every society for which we have data, people’s educational achievement is positively correlated with their parents’ education or with other indicators of their parents’ socioeconomic status. This topic is central in social science, and there is no doubt that research has intensified during recent decades, not least thanks to better dat...

conclusions the individual characteristics, educational background and admission criteria had showed relation with academic failure. vulnerable students should be identified and educational supports should be provided for these students. results the frequency of course repetition, probation, and delayed graduation was reported to be 19.25%, 3.9% and 19.85%, respectively. gaining low grade in hi...

Most game-designers likely stick to the assumption that background music is a design feature for fostering fun and game play. From a psychological point of view, these (intuitive) aspects act upon the intrinsic motivation and the flow experience of players. However, from a pure cognitive perspective on instructional design, background music could also be considered to be redundant information, ...

BACKGROUND Resident-led morning report is an integral part of most residency programs and is ranked among the most valuable of educational experiences. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of a resident-as-teacher educational intervention on the educational and teaching experience of morning report. METHODS All senior internal medicine residents were invited to participate...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Variations between countries in occupational differences in stroke mortality were observed among men during the 1980s. This study estimates the magnitude of differences in stroke mortality by educational level among men and women aged >or=30 years in 10 European populations during the 1990s. METHODS Longitudinal data from mortality registries were obtained for 10 Europe...

Background and Purpose—Variations between countries in occupational differences in stroke mortality were observed among men during the 1980s. This study estimates the magnitude of differences in stroke mortality by educational level among men and women aged 30 years in 10 European populations during the 1990s. Methods—Longitudinal data from mortality registries were obtained for 10 European pop...