This study uses data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study to examine the extent to which economic circumstances in infancy and mother's mental well-being are associated with children's cognitive development and behaviour problems at age 3 years, and what part parenting behaviours and attitudes play in mediating these factors. The analyses derived from Structural Equation Modelling show that econ...

I reconsider the growth of Western Europe during the Golden Age of European Economic Growth after the Second World War. The preceding thirty years of conflict and depression impeded the normal path of industrialisation in these countries, and they had too much labour in agriculture for their level of income and stage of development at the end of the war. The disequilibrium added to other more o...

Too often, the examination of the work of a major intellectual figure occurs in an historical vacuum. History has two meanings. One sense is obviously that of the social, political, and economic context within which a specific theoretical development takes place. Would Keynes have written The General Theory had England not suffered economic difficulties following World War I and had the capital...

BACKGROUND Depression is prevalent, costly and often undertreated. AIMS To test the hypothesis that people with low socio-economic status are least likely to receive and adhere to evidence-based treatments for depression, after controlling for clinical need. METHOD Individuals with an ICD-10 depressive episode in the past 12 months (n=866) were recruited from 7271 attendees in 36 general pr...

This paper examines modern economic growth according to the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method and state space portrait (SSP) analysis. Electing GDP per capita as the main indicator for economic growth and prosperity, the long-run perspective from 1870 to 2010 identifies the main similarities among 34 world partners’ modern economic growth and exemplifies the historical waving mechanics of t...

Objectives To examine depression and suicidal behaviour and associated factors in a sample of medical students in Portugal. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study design of 456 native Portuguese medical students from the 4th and 5th year at the University of Lisbon. Participants answered a self-report survey including questions on demographic and clinical variables. Statistical analyses...

BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent disorder in chronically ill elderly persons. It may decrease quality of life, and increase functional disability, medical costs, and healthcare utilisation. Because patients may slip into a downward spiral, early recognition and treatment of depression is important. Depression can be treated with antidepressants or psychological interventions; the latter can...

Depressive disorders are a common source of disability among women. In addition to the economic and human costs of maternal depression, children of depressed mothers are at risk for health, developmental, and behav­ ioral problems. Although most of the research examining the evidence and intergenerational aspects of maternal depres­ sion has been conducted in high-income countries, recent evide...