Early applications of wilderness economic research demonstrated that the values of natural amenities and commodities produced from natural areas could be measured in commensurate terms. To the surprise of many, the economic values of wilderness protection often exceeded the potential commercial values that might result from resource extraction. Here, the concepts and tools used in the economic ...

OBJECTIVES This paper aims to assess the methodological quality of economic evaluations included in Belgian reimbursement applications for Class 1 drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS For 19 reimbursement applications submitted during 2011 and Spring 2012, a descriptive analysis assessed the methodological quality of the economic evaluation, evaluated the assessment of that economic evaluation by the...

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on applications of economic and pricing theory for resource management in the evolving fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. The 5G wireless networks are envisioned to overcome existing limitations of cellular networks in terms of data rate, capacity, latency, energy efficiency, spectrum efficiency, coverage, reliability, and cost per inf...

In the present chapter it is carried out an evaluation of the motivations which lead to the launching and the subsequent development of the Human Genome Project. In this respect, then ideological, biosanitary and economic factors are considered. Although the importance of the sanitary applications is admitted, both in then diagnostic aspect and, the long term, in the therapeutic one, it is argu...

Th is paper presents examples of model 1 ing developments in varlous policy fields where economics and ecology meet, often in conflicting situations, i.e. with conflicting objectives. An overview of nature conservation and economie objectives and policy issues is given and a series of policy fields in which practical applications of economic-ecologica! model Iing exist. Th is is illustrated by ...

the purpose of this study is to find the percentiles of fuzzy numbersand to demonstrate their applications, which include finding weightedmeans, dispersion indices, and the percentile intervals of fuzzy numbers. thecrisp approximations of fuzzy numbers introduced in this paper are new andinteresting for the comparison of fuzzy environments, such as a variety of economic,financial, and engineeri...

Lending officers (LOs) assess loan applications under conditions characterized by shifts in economic climate, wavering public credibility for banks and greater industry regulation. This paper examines the extent to which, in such an economic environment, the LOs’ assessment of commercial loan applications may be defensive, and, if so, which mechanisms that may trigger defensive loan assessment ...

Willingness to risk is an important characteristic of entrepreneurship and a crucial factor for economic growth and economic development. An experimental study has been performed that demonstrates that people can use even a single old episodes from their own experience where they acted in a risky manner and benefited from that and chose by analogy to act risky in a new situation. Moreover, it h...