in this study, the relationship between teachers’ creative and critical thinking skills and their reflectivity in teaching was investigated. to this end, three questions were raised. these questions were intended to determine whether there was a significant relationship between teachers’ creative thinking skills and their reflectivity in teaching; whether there was a significant relationship be...

1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

Background and Objective: Cadmium is a potential environmental contaminant that causes adverse effects on the environment and the health of living organisms. Therefore, designing a simple and economic technique for its determination is very important. In this respect, a potentiometric sensor based on nefazodone as the ionophore and [BMIM]PF6 as the ionic additive were developed for the determin...

this study investigated (a) the learners’ existing reading strategy repertoire, (b) the effect of instruction in reading strategies on learners’ strategic performance, and (c) the effect of explicit instruction in top-down reading strategies on reading comprehension ability of intermediate learners. the study was conducted with 40 intermediate efl learners in two groups of experimental and cont...

 Abstract Background and objective: Ecotourism in addition to creating employment and increasing income prevents the outflow of human and material capital from rural areas; which, of course, has positive and negative effects. Then, according many limitations and problems in the study area, including the lack of effective employment opportunities, high unemployment and low incomes, the study of...

Achieving sustainable economic growth is one of the most important goals of countries' economic programs and policies in the current era. Along with economic growth, consumption of energy rises. Since fossil fuels provide a major share of the world's energy, increased fuel consumption is an inevitable feature of economic growth.  Continuation of this trend increases greenhouse gas emmissions, n...

Public spaces are those that embrace a wide range of citizens from child to old, woman and man, and with every religion and race; therefore, public spaces have the potential to strengthen social cohesion, economic development, and the improvement of the quality of collective life. The realization of these issues requires the consideration of the design and visual quality of public spaces so tha...