This paper examines how eco-tourism can be regarded as a change agent in the tourism economy in developing countries. By using conceptual contributions from chaos theory, the authors illustrate how eco-tourism might give competitive advantage, using South Africa as the empirical setting. Destinations focusing on chaos theory when organizing their efforts within eco-tourism may be able to tailor...

Eco-colonies are new grammar systems with very simple grammars called agents placed in a common dynamic environment. Every agent generates its own finite language, all agents cooperate on the shared environment. The environment is developing not only by the action of agents, but also using its own developmental rules. The generative power of eco-colonies was discussed in several papers, ecocolo...

in present study, role of agricultural on eco countries regional convergence was assessed in dynamic panel data model. at first, eco countries convergence and agricultural sector effect in convergence acceleration was surveyed by generalized method of moments (gmm) over the period 1996-2005. results showed that, this is convergence between eco countries. in spite of increasing regional growth, ...

DNA molecules cut with endonuclease R Eco Ri can be joined at Eco Ri cleavage sites by incubation with polynucleotide ligase. In order to define the optimum conditions for this reaction, linear Simian Virus 40 DNA molecules (SV40(Lri)) produced by endonuclease R Eco Ri cleavage of SV40 form i DNA were joined using polynucleotide ligases specified by bacteriophage T4 and Escherichia coli. We hav...

This paper traces the environmental and economic effects of a “Table field Fish pond” (TFFP) land use scheme in Lijin County in the Yellow River Delta of China with reference to the optimization of ecological-productive structures resulting from a land use / land cover change (LUCC) approach. “Table fieldFish pond” is an effective reconstructed land use system and eco-agricultural pattern to ch...

To create new, effective reagents for affinity modification of restriction-modification (R-M) enzymes, a regioselective method for reactive dialdehyde group incorporation into oligonucleotides, based on insertion of a 1-beta-D-galactopyranosylthymine residue, has been developed. We synthesized DNA duplex analogs of the substrates of the Eco RII and Mva I R-M enzymes that contained a galactose o...

To raise the eco-efficiency of the economy, it is important to not only investigate the eco-efficiency of specific products but also to ascertain whether the resources are used effectively throughout the life cycle. In this paper, we address eco-efficiency of agricultural use of phosphorus in Japan in the years 2005, 2010, and 2011. The increase in revenue from crops due to the use of phosphoru...

The Middle Route Project(MRP) of the Southto-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China will require a very large financial expenditure to ensure the water supply and the associated water quality to northern China. An eco-compensation mechanism between the water service source areas and its beneficiaries is essential. This paper establishes an analytic framework of ecocompensation standard for...

This paper presents a methodology about how eco-efficiency in extended supply chains (ESCs) can be understood and measured. The extended supply chain includes all processes in the life cycle of a product and the eco-efficiency is measured as the relative environmental and value performance in one ESC compared to other ESCs. The paper is based on a case study of furniture production in Norway. N...