A lexicostatistical classification is proposed for 20 languages and dialects of the Lezgian group of the North Caucasian family, based on meticulously compiled 110-item wordlists, published as part of the Global Lexicostatistical Database project. The lexical data have been subsequently analyzed with the aid of the principal phylogenetic methods, both distance-based and character-based: Starlin...

Discussions of spatial relationships are persistent features research on the organization craft production. Despite centrality issues, correspondence between patterning and economic remains relatively under-theorized, especially around questions power control. Drawing from literature ecology, specialization landscape archaeology, I develop an approach that considers scales patterning, projectio...

This paper focuses on how the paramilitary organisations of Turkish state have transformed and been used over time as a ‘useful’ tool against dissidents, especially Kurds. Paramilitary groups one main actors in war between PKK, which has ongoing for nearly forty years. These sometimes auxiliary forces at other times made into death squads operating alongside official armed forces, they mainly K...

For more than 30 years, there have been renewed interests in computational morphology resulting in numerous morphological tools. However the interest has always been on the politically and economically interesting languages of the world resulting in a wide language divide between the technologically rich and poor languages. Kinyarwanda language, a Bantu language spoken in East Africa is one of ...

Movement of populations and languages in Eurasia has been mathematically modeled. The movements are explained by primarily demographic expansion caused by climatic change in the historic past, ecological factors and the introduction of agriculture from the Near East and Southeast Asia into the neighboring territories. This study use model outputs for the time period 120,000 BC-1,500 BC to inves...

Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) is native to Greater Caucasus Mountain Chain from Azerbaijan and Georgia in the East Krasnodar region of Russia West. This species divided into two subspecies (by some authors species)—East-Caucasian West-Caucasian a subpopulation referred as Mid-Caucasian tur. Up date most genetic studies are based on mitochondrial DNA sequences comprehensive investigation nucle...

The nature and timing of the shift from Late Middle Paleolithic (LMP) to Early Upper (EUP) varied geographically, temporally, substantively across Near East Eurasia; however, result this process was archaeological disappearance technologies length breadth their geographic distribution. Ortvale Klde rockshelter (Republic Georgia) contains most detailed LMP-EUP sequence in Caucasus, an environmen...