The viscoelasticity of several polymers has been determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). For the same materials the sliding wear in multiple scratching along the same groove has also been determined. The materials studied were polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), styrene/ acrylonitrile (SAN), Surlyn, polyethersulfone (PES), acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP),...

The negative osmium ion Os− is one of very few atomic anions potentially suitable for laser cooling. We have made a measurement of the Zeeman splitting of a bound-bound transition in 192Os− by studying the laser excitation from the 5d76s2 4F e9/2 ground to the 5d 66s26p D9/2 excited state in a homogeneous external magnetic field. The experimental Landé factors gJ = 1.31(7) and gJ = 1.50(8), res...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is mediated from serine/threonine kinase receptors to transcriptional responses via Smad proteins. Here comparison of mRNA expression of Smad3-7 in mouse embryos (E9-E15) revealed developmentally regulated distinct expression patterns for Smad3, 4, 6, and 7. Smad3 was prominently expressed in the differentiating (from E10) central nervous sys...

As odorant receptors (ORs) are thought to be critical determinants of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axon targeting and organization, we examined the spatiotemporal onset of mice ORs expression from the differentiation of OSNs in the olfactory placode to an aging olfactory epithelium. ORs were first detected in the placode at embryonic day 9 (E9), at the onset of OSN differentiation but before ...

In contrast to most DNA viruses, poxviruses replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm without host involvement. We find that vaccinia virus induces cytoplasmic activation of ATR early during infection, before genome uncoating, which is unexpected because ATR plays a fundamental nuclear role in maintaining host genome integrity. ATR, RPA, INTS7, and Chk1 are recruited to cytoplasmic DNA viral fac...

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are structurally related mitogens that can regulate the differentiation of a wide variety of cells. As a step towards elucidating the developmental roles played by one of these factors, we have used in situ hybridization methods to examine expression of the murine F gf-5 gene during embryogenesis. F gf-5 RNA was detected at seven distinct sites in the developing...

Metallocarboxypeptidase Z (CPZ), a new member of the regulatory metallocarboxypeptidases, contains a 120-residue cysteine-rich region that has 20-35% amino acid sequence identity to Drosophila and mammalian frizzled proteins. In order to gain insights into the function of CPZ, we have examined the distribution of the protein by immunohistochemistry throughout mouse development. The expression o...

We continue the study of the one-dimensional E10 coset model (massless spinning particle motion on E10/K(E10)) whose dynamics at low levels is known to coincide with the equations of motion of maximal supergravity theories in appropriate truncations. We show that the coset dynamics (truncated at levels l ≤ 3) can be consistently restricted by requiring the vanishing of a set of constraints whic...

Motivated by string theory scattering amplitudes that are invariant under a discrete U-duality, we study Fourier coefficients of Eisenstein series on Kac– Moody groups. In particular, we analyse the Eisenstein series on E9(R), E10(R) and E11(R) corresponding to certain degenerate principal series at the values s = 3/2 and s = 5/2 that were studied in [1]. We show that these Eisenstein series ha...

The delicate leaflets that make up vertebrate heart valves are essential for our moment-to-moment existence. Abnormalities of valve formation are the most common serious human congenital defect. Despite their importance, relatively little is known about valve development. We show that the initiation of heart valve morphogenesis in mice requires calcineurin/NFAT to repress VEGF expression in the...