Mechanical overloading of the spine is associated with low back pain and intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. How excessive loading elicits degenerative changes in the IVD is poorly understood. Comprehensive knowledge of the interaction between mechanical loading, cell responses and changes in the extracellular matrix of the disc is needed in order to successfully intervene in this process. ...

Albro, M B; Li, R; Yeager, K ; Hung, C L; Ateshian, G A Columbia University, New York, NY [email protected] INTRODUCTION: Transport pathways play a key role in maintaining cellular metabolic activity. Efforts to maintain or enhance the transport of nutrients may prove beneficial to native and engineered tissue, particularly in avascular tissues such as articular cartilage. Various studies h...

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are one of the most promising new devices for structural vibration reduction. Because of their mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, low power requirements, large force capacity, and robustness, these devices have been shown to mesh well with application demands and constraints to offer an attractive means of protecting civil infrastructure systems against s...

Distributed arrival time control (DATC) is a highly distributed feedback control algorithm for the scheduling problems in heterarchical operation systems [V.V. Prabhu, Performance of real-time distributed arrival time control in heterarchical manufacturing systems, IIE Transactions 32 (2000) 323–331]. Although DATC has presented outstanding performance for the real-time scheduling problems in d...

Introduction Dynamic loading is essential for maintaining intervertebral disc health since a major nutritional mechanism is load-induced fluid transport, and intermittent stress can stimulate matrix production. Yet, excessive dynamic loading can be detrimental. Currently, the boundary between therapeutic and injurious spinal stress is undefined. To address this, we have developed an approach th...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the fracture strength of zirconium implant abutments and the torque required to unfasten the retaining screw before and after applying cyclic loading to the implant-abutment assembly. The dynamic behavior and stress distribution pattern of zirconium abutments were also evaluated. METHODS AND MATERIALS Static and cyclic loading of 7 XiVE imp...

We give a formal specification of the dynamic loading of classes in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and of the visibility of members of the loaded classes. This specification is obtained by identifying the part of the run-time state of the JVM that is relevant for dynamic loading and visibility and consists of a set of inference rules defining abstract operations for loading, linking and verific...

Fatigue damage is traditionally determined from time signals of loading, usually in the form of stress or strain. This approach is satisfactory for periodic loading but requires very large time records to accurately describe random loading processes. These may prove prohibitive for many finite element analyses especially when modelling dynamic resonance. Alternatively, a compact frequency domai...