The effect of human development on six diurnal mammal species was studied using transects in the Punta Leona Private Wildlife Refuge, Puntarenas, Costa Rica during the dry season months of March and April 2006. Individuals/km was recorded for each species in more developed (MD) (near paved roads, buildings, construction, or deforested trees) and less developed areas (LD) (secondary forest). The...

on the topmost central plateau of the district in the midst of a group of conical hills," which with the gentle undulation of the soil adds to the picturesqueness of the scene. It has an elevation of abcut 2,000ft. above the sea-level, and is situated in 23? 59 min. north latitude and 85 ?27 min. east longitude. Originally a military cantonment station, the town is well-laid-out with broad road...

road safety must be shared responsibility between the school, the parents/caregivers, the children, territorial authority, transport agencies, and police. children need to learn to use the roads safety, to walk and cycle in safety, and also to use their common sense when crossing a road or getting into a car. road safety is essential for children’s freedom, development, and exercise and of cour...

Noise emanating from human activity has become a common addition to natural soundscapes and has the potential to harm wildlife and erode human enjoyment of nature. In particular, motor vehicles traveling along roads and trails produce high levels of both chronic and intermittent noise, eliciting varied responses from a wide range of animal species. Anthropogenic noise is especially conspicuous ...

An ontology is a main component of an evolving knowledge base that caters to multiple clients. Consider a scenario where an automated procedure (a computer vision algorithm) used in an analyst tool detects different kinds of “roads” in images, and features in the ontology are used to distinguish a “paved” road from a “dirt road”. In another scenario, the ontology enables reasoning about “locati...

We leverage innovative spatial modeling techniques and data on the precise geo-locations of more than 34,000 Constituency Development Fund (CDF) projects in Kenya to test whether MPs reward their supporters. We find only weak evidence that MPs channel projects disproportionately to areas inhabited by their political allies, once we control for other factors that affect where projects are placed...

Negative obstacles such as potholes and road collapses on unstructured roads in open-pit mining areas seriously affect the safe transportation of autonomous trucks. In this paper, we propose a real-time negative obstacle detection method for self-driving trucks mines. By analyzing characteristics mines, target model based Yolov4 network was built. It uses RepVGG backbone feature extraction netw...