Dust-particles charging in a low-pressure glow discharge was investigated theoretically. The dust-particle charge was found on the basis of a developed self-consistent model taking into account the nonequilibrium character of electron distribution function and the formation of an ionic coat composed of bound or trapped ions around the dust particle. The dust-particle charge, the radial distribu...

Recently Taniguchi and Ohyama found that the higher CO to CO integrated intensity ratios at a transition J=1–0, R = I(CO)/I(CO) ∼ > 20, in a sample of starburst merging galaxies such as Arp 220 are mainly attributed to the depression of CO emission with respect to CO. Investigating the same sample of galaxies analyzed by Taniguchi & Ohyama, we find that there is a tight, almost linear correlati...

Recent measurements of type Ia supernovae indicate that distant supernovae are substantially fainter than expected from the standard flat cold dark matter model. One possible explanation is that the energy density in our universe is in fact dominated by a cosmological constant. Another possible solution is that there are large amounts of grey dust in the intergalactic medium. Dust grains can be...

For 117 clusters of galaxies, we explore the detectability of intracluster dust grains by current and future infrared facilities, taking into account both collisional heating and sputtering of grains by ambient plasma. If the dust grains are injected into the intergalactic space with the amount and size comparable to the Galactic values, the dust-to-gas ratio is typically 10 and the mean dust t...

Abstract. We report on some of the development issues of a commercial “shrink-wrapped application”—DUST-EXPERTTM—that is of particular interest to the safety and software engineering community. Amongst other things, the following are reported on and discussed: the use of formal methods; advisory systems as safety related systems; safety integrity levels and the general construction of DUST-EXPE...

We investigate physical reasons for high dust temperatures ($T_\mathrm{dust}\gtrsim 40$ K) observed in some high-redshift ($z>5$) galaxies using analytic models. consider two models that can be treated analytically: the radiative transfer (RT) model, {where a broad distribution of values $T_\mathrm{dust}$ is considered}, and one-tempearture (one-$T$) which assumes {uniform $T_\mathrm{dust}$}. T...

In this paper we explore the intermediate line region (ILR) by using the photoionisation simulations of the gas clouds present at different radial distances from the center, corresponding to the locations from BLR out to NLR in four types of AGNs. We let for the presence of dust whenever conditions allow for dust existence. All spectral shapes are taken from the recent multi-wavelength campaign...

Why is there little dust in elliptical galaxies? Here is a promising answer. Firstly, galaxies are rational. Rationality means that the density distribution of stars is proportional. Secondly, galaxy arms are linearly-shaped and irrational. The presence of arms is the disturbance to the rational disks and bars. Therefore, any disturbance to rational structure produces cosmic dust. c © Electroni...

We present results of experiments at the aerosol interactions and dynamics in the atmosphere (AIDA) chamber facility looking at the freezing of water by three different types of mineral particles at temperatures between −12C and−33C. The three different dusts are Asia Dust-1 (AD1), Sahara Dust-2 (SD2) and Arizona test Dust (ATD). The dust samples used had particle concentrations of sizes that w...