a phase-locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is an important circuit that is used in many applications, especially in communication systems such as ethernet receivers, disk drive read/write channels, digital mobile receivers, high-speed memory interfaces, system clock recovery and wireless communication system. other than requiring good signal purity such as low phase noise and low spu...

126 abstract: in this research we studied the effects of cyclic hydration and dehydration of cysts of artemia urmiana and artemia parthenogenetica on the hatching percentage, survival and growth. the experiment was carried out in 3 treatments (1-3 hydration/dehydration cycles) with 3 replicates for each treatment. later effects of cold preservation at -20°c during three time periods were ...

Hajj and ‘Umra were considered two independent rituals being performed in two different periods of a year (‘Umra in Rajab and Hajj in Hajj months) in the Ignorance Era. In the Islamic period these two rituals were performed in the same way until the10 th year (A.H.) when the holy Prophet commanded people to perform Hajj and ‘Umra simultaneously during his last pilgrimage and emphasized their si...

Glass-working was one of the dominant arts in the Islamic period. In the time of Iranian Seljuks and, contemporaneous with them, Egyptian Fatimids, this art was so innovative that such an era is considered as the glorious period in the history of Islamic glass-working in the two countries. In addition to contemporaneity of Seljuks and Fatimids, economic and cultural relations between the two re...

Introduction: One of the educational practices in medical knowledge, Clinical and hospital methods, is Dar al-Hekmeh and Self-reading Style. This method has a fascinating history; in fact, its formation was due to the religious restrictions of scholars of Hanafi jurisprudence in schools and mosques In Transoxiana region during the Samanids (874-1004 CE). Methods: Scrutinizing works which conce...

Applied artworks of the Islamic era of Iran are generally presented in art history books with their features, main functions and, ultimately, their backgrounds. These works are also very general in dictionaries, with their main features and uses described. While treating the enormous treasure of Persian literature, the various features of the dishes can be identified and their aesthetic status ...