In the Affleck-Dine mechanism of baryogenesis, non-topological solitons called Q-balls can be formed. In this work we propose that such Q-balls decay during the BBN era and study the cosmological consequence of such late decays. We find that the late-decaying baryonic Q-balls with lifetime of about 10s can provide a new developing mechanism for the BBN through a rolling baryonto-photon ratio η,...

A recently proposed nonlinear transport equation is used to model bulk viscous cosmologies that may be far from equilibrium, as happens during viscous fluid inflation or during reheating. The asymptotic stability of the de Sitter and Friedmann solutions is investigated. The former is stable for bulk viscosity index q < 1 and the latter for q > 1. New solutions are obtained in the weakly nonline...

jezyah had been part of the tax system imposed on religious minorities. from the very first days of its introduction to islam, it was addressed to as demeaning and humiliating towards religious minorities. the abolition of many laws concerning religious minorities was the result of some developments in iran, especially in foreign relationships during the qajar era. jezyah is a prominent example...

the history of iranian political thought during the islamic era can be divided in 2 parts: middle era and modern era. in the middle era which ended in mashroota revolution, political thought tended to be united with religion, with the rules of thought –genera being based upon religions tents, and the role of reason being only limited to uncritical exposition of the predecessor’s ideas. as a res...

looking from an historical perspective, it can be seen that many civilizations have lived in the country and consequently produced many different cultures and architectural products. one of the oldest cities which contain such historical examples which have lived until present is tabriz. its traditional houses are the most important places to represent the life style of the past. lack of recogn...