The ability of listeners to detect level differences between two sinusoidal stimuli in a two-interval forced-choice procedure was measured as a function of duration and level in three conditions: (1) the pedestal was fixed in level and the stimuli in the two intervals had the same frequency of either 1 or 2 kHz (fixed-level condition); (2) the pedestal was roved in level over a 20-dB range from...

Atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, often progresses unfavourably: in patients with long-term atrial fibrillation, fibrillatory episodes are typically of increased duration and frequency of occurrence relative to healthy controls. This is due to electrical, structural, and contractile remodeling processes. We investigated mechanisms of how electrical and structural remodeling cont...

Dependence Measures in Bivariate Gamma Frailty Models Bivariate duration data frequently arise in economics, biostatistics and other areas. In “bivariate frailty models”, dependence between the frailties (i.e., unobserved determinants) induces dependence between the durations. Using notions of quadrant dependence, we study restrictions that this imposes on the implied dependence of the duration...

Chronic khat use is associated with negative health consequences. However, no study has fully characterized individuals who are khat dependent. This paper examines socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of adult khat dependence. A total of 270 khat users (129 women) in Yemen completed face-to-face interviews and provided demographic information and data on patterns of khat use, subjectiv...

a chromium electroplating bath with the ability to produce homogenous mist was used to evaluate parameters influencing hexavalent chromium (cr+6) mist sampling methods. the results of 48 cr+6mist samples collected using the u.s. national institute for occupational safety and health method 7600showed that cr+6concentration was higher: (1) for sampling by closed-face filter cassettes than for sam...

ôbjective: ço-morbidity of personality disorders with illicit drug abuse has a deleterious effect on the management outcome of both conditions. this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of different personality disorders among substance dependent patients in an ïranian city (ïsfahan) with a view to have a better understanding of various management strategies. methods: â total of 368 dif...

conclusions zolpidem dependency and withdrawal seizure can occur with a dosage under last reported doses. therefore, possibility of mentioned problems cannot be excluded at any dosage and physicians should pay more attention to potential of zolpidem to create these adverse effects. introduction zolpidem is a short acting inducer of sleep and thought to lack benzodiazepine properties such as anx...

We present an alternative method for measuring ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet pulses that can be synchronized with an intense infrared pulse. The method, based on photoionization of a target atom by the extremeultraviolet pulse in the presence of the infrared pulse, has a potential accuracy of close to 1 fs and is susceptible to single-shot operation. It is demonstrated on harmonic 15 of a tita...