Microsomal enzyme inducers (MEIs) up-regulate phase I biotransformation enzymes, most notably cytochromes P450. Transcriptional up-regulation by MEIs occurs through at least three nuclear receptor mechanisms: constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; CYP2B inducers), pregnane X receptor (PXR; CYP3A inducers), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha; CYP4A inducers). Other m...

Circular muscle contractile activity of the antrum and duodenum and gastric emptying of a liquid test meal were investigated in unanesthetized dogs in which the gastroduodenal junction (GDJ) was altered (Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty). After pyloroplasty, antralization (antral-like contractions occurring in the first portion of the duodenum) was observed during the digestive state. Antralizatio...

stress. On examination she was emaciated with a large tender tympanitic swelling which occupied the left side of the abdomen. Plain abdominal radiograms showed a dilated stomach and duodenum with the characteristic 'double bubble' of distal duodenal obstruction; nasogastric aspiration obtained 2600 ml of bile-stained fluid. A barium meal defined a linear vertical obstruction to the third part o...

A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of repeated episodes of epigastralgia. Endoscopy showed multiple whitish granules extending from the 2nd to 3rd portion of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens showed well circumscribed follicles with a monotonous population of predominantly small cleaved cells that were positive for CD20, CD10 and BCL2, but negative for CD5. A full staging study...

DESCRIPTION A preterm neonate weighing 1360 g was born at 33+2 weeks’ gestation with severe polyhydramnios. She was transferred, directly after delivery, to our neonatal intensive care unit presenting with distended upper abdomen and vomiting. A plain film of the abdomen (figure 1) was performed with the suspicion of duodenal atresia and showed a markedly distended stomach (S) and proximal duod...

Varices are abnormal dilated veins which result from increased pressure in the portal circulation. Although the oesophagus and stomach are the most common sites for varices to develop, they may also occur as ectopic varices in the duodenum, rectum, and retroperitoneal areas. Isolated duodenal varices involving distal duodenum, particularly the fourth part of the duodenum, are extremely rare. Ho...

In two series of conscious healthy dogs, a study of duodenal electric activity was made to locate the pacemaker or site of the greatest intrinsic frequency of the pacesetter potential. In three dogs, an annular myotomy of the duodenum about 1 cm proximal (orad) to the biliary ampulla caused a reduction in the frequency of the pacesetter potential distal (caudad) to the conduction block and demo...

Purpose: Interposition of a jejunal tube between the common bile duct and duodenum. Methods: Five adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing on average 22.3 kg (18 to 26.5 kg), were used. Obstructive jaundice was induced by ligation of the distal common bile duct. After one week, a 2.5-cm long jejunal tube was fabricated from a segment of the loop removed 15 cm from the Treitz angle and interpo...

gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gist) are the most common mesenchy­mal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. the biological pattern of these tumors ranges from benign-appearing small lesions to malignant sarcomas. only 3%-5% of gists are found in the duodenum. a duodenal gist is a rare source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. a remarkable percentage of duodenal gists are localized in the thi...