Dung and urine patches on grasslands are hotspots of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in temperate regions, while its importance remains controversial for tropical regions as seem to be lower. Here we investigated N2O, CH4 CO2 from dung pastures Kenya, thereby disentangling interactive pure water, or effects. GHG fluxes were monitored with automated chambers 42–59 days covering three seasons (sho...

In this paper a modification of He's variational iteration method (VIM) has been employed to solve Dung and Riccati equations. Sometimes, it is not easy or even impossible, to obtain the first few iterations of VIM, therefore, we suggest to approximate the integrand by using suitable expansions such as Taylor or Chebyshev expansions.

The main food source of free-living nematodes in the soil environment is bacteria, which can affect nematode development, fecundity and survival. In order to occupy a reliable source of bacterial food, some nematodes have formed specific relationships with an array of invertebrate hosts (where bacteria proliferate once the hosts dies), thus forming a tritrophic system of nematode, bacteria and ...

Dung beetles are exposed to a complex microbiological ecosystem during their life cycle. Characterization of novel host-defense peptides (HDP) is essential to understanding the host innate immune response in insects. It constitutes a promising alternative to look for new therapeutic agents against pathogenic microbes. We identified four new HDP, Oxysterlins 1, 2, 3, and 4 from the transcriptome...

Prominent in the sky, but not visible to humans, is a pattern of polarized skylight formed around both the Sun and the Moon. Dung beetles are, at present, the only animal group known to use the much dimmer polarization pattern formed around the Moon as a compass cue for maintaining travel direction. However, the Moon is not visible every night and the intensity of the celestial polarization pat...

Thorectes lusitanicus, a typically coprophagous species is also actively attracted to oak acorns, consuming, burying them, and conferring ecophysiological and reproductive advantages to both the beetle and the tree. In this study, we explored the possible relation between diet shift and the health status of T. lusitanicus using a generalist entomopathogenic fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae) as a ...