Nitrogen fertilizers is an essential input into modern agriculture, however the use of large amounts of this mineral fertilizers caused in the last three decades enormous environmental impacts such as eutrophication of waters and soils, loss of biodiversity, drinking water pollution and human health risks. The agri-environmental policy plays a crucial role to internalize pollution externalities...

abstract petroleum pollution is one of the most common and dangerous pollutions that is due to petroleum industries such as refineries, and consequently of oil pipes and tanks leak causing environmental pollutions. one of the newest born technologies in this area is phytoremediation, in which plants are used for decreasing of petroleum pollution. this technology is used for remediation of soil,...

background: spindle trees (euonymus japonica thunb.) growing in an industrial complex area containing pollutants is chronically injured thus need to build up their resistance. antioxidant enzymes and cell membrane stability have been widely used to differentiate stress tolerance. materials and methods: leaves of spindle trees from a clean control area (kijang) and an industrial area (onsan) whe...

pricing for an insurance policy can be described as the process of calculation of expectedcompensation to be paid to property losers as well as associated costs of potential risks. loss forecast isaccurate if the risks will be identified appropriately in order to calculate the frequency and expected severityof losses.this is particularly important about environmental risks since most of them ap...

Background & Aims of the Study: Particulate matters less than 10 microns can absorb into your lungs and reacting with the moisture and enter the circulatory system directly through the airways. The aim of this study is to assess Behavior PM 10 data in different seasons and Determination effects on human health in Ahvaz city during 2013. Materials & Methods: Data Particulate matters less than 10...

conclusions although relative risk per 10 µg/m3 is low and sometimes mortality and morbidity attributable to pollutant seems slight because of sensitive and large population exposed to air pollutants, burden of disease associated with air pollution will be great. therefore, authorities should apply necessary actions and efforts based on comprehensive scientific researches in order to control ai...

Children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home has numerous adverse health effects. This study evaluated the effects of a pediatric in-patient department-based pilot smoking cessation intervention for household members to reduce children's SHS exposure and encourage smoking cessation. A pre-post test design study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a telephone counseling interven...

This paper examines the tensions of sustainable development in Seattle, Washington, a commonly recognised urban environmental leader. Drawing on the perspective of sustainability as a conflicted process, this research expected a negative relationship between gentrification and environmental justice when affluent residents outcompete less affluent ones for neighbourhoods with fewer environmental...