Routine drug testing of traffic fatalities has shown that about 21% of all victims have controlled, illegal substances in their body at the time of the incident. Although we cannot establish a relationship between drug levels and impairment of driving ability, the presence of these drugs in the body is per se evidence of an illegal act. This, with the potential that these drugs have for impairi...

Legal sanctions, whether administered by the courts or by State licensing agencies, NC central to deterrence-based policies for reducing alcohol-impaired driving. They are the punishments threatened in support of the law’s mandate. Examples are fines, license actions such as suspension and revocation, jail sentences, and alternatives such as community service. Deterrence theory posits that sanc...

Study Objectives: Objective assessment of the ability to maintain wakefulness, although very important, is still equivocal. A recent study from our lab has shown that the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, when performed with the 20 minute protocol (MWT20), is unreliable in assessing patients who are highly motivated to maintain wakefulness. In this study we sought to examine whether the 40 minut...

BACKGROUND Only few studies with small experimental samples investigated the impact of psychoactive substances on driving performance. We conducted a multicenter international cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation between alcohol use and driving-related skill as measured by brake reaction time (RT). METHODS Before and after the entrance into randomly selected recreational sites fr...

Wayfinding is a critical skill that enables drivers to navigate from one location to another. Wayfinding abilities decline as individuals age, which may increase older driver reliance on directional cues (e.g. signs) and divert cognitive resources at the expense of vehicle control and safety. Familiarity with an environment can facilitate wayfinding due to previous knowledge of the route. This ...

Abstract Research has found strong relationships between access to transport, accessibility of activities, and subjective well-being (SWB), society is said be car dependent. Accordingly, this study investigates, in a Swedish context, whether how withdrawal driving license for private due visual field loss (VFL) affects SWB. A web survey was used statistical comparisons three respondent groups (...

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BACKGROUND Crash helmet plays an important role in protecting the deriver's head during crashes and reduces the rate of severe injuries and fatalities. Although it has been proved that wearing the crash helmet can save the deriver's life by around 42%; previous studies showed that the rate of wearing crash helmet has not been acceptable in Iran. Due to the huge number of motorcyclists on the ro...